Baja California: population, economy, jobs and household income

Baja California is a state of Mexico, number 11 of 32 by population. CONAPO, the National Population Council, projects the population of Baja California at 4,189,285 in mid-2026, 3.1% of Mexico's 134,407,258 and 11th largest of 32 federal entities. That is up 1.40% on the mid-2025 figure of 4,131,619 (5th fastest growth of 32; Mexico up 0.78%).

In depth

• Economy, jobs and prices in Baja California: The gross domestic product of Baja California was 1.29 trillion pesos in 2024 at current prices, according to INEGI, 3.9% of Mexico's 33.58 trillion pesos and 7th largest of 32 federal entities. In current pesos it was up 3.6% on 2023.
• Health in Baja California: 23.3% of the people of Baja California lacked access to health services in 2024, about 879,944 people (6th lowest of 32; Mexico 34.2%). The share was 16.9% in 2018 and 28.4% in 2022.
• Education in Baja California: People aged 15 and over in Baja California had completed 10.60 years of schooling on average in October 2025 (tied for 11th highest of 32; Mexico 10.26), up from 10.20 at the 2020 census and 8.17 in 2000.
• Poverty and living standards in Baja California: In 2024, 9.9% of the people of Baja California were in multidimensional poverty, about 373,406 people (the lowest of 32 federal entities; Mexico 29.6%). That is down 3.5 percentage points from 2022 and down 13.7 percentage points from 2018.
• Government budget and revenue in Baja California: The Baja California state government spent 96.5 billion pesos in 2025 according to INEGI's preliminary state public finance statistics, 23,366 pesos per resident, 13th lowest of 32 (all 32 governments combined: 24,691 pesos). Spending was up 6.2% on 2024 and up 71.8% on 2018, before adjusting for inflation.

How states are governed in Mexico

States (31) and Mexico City. Governor (head of government in Mexico City) elected for one six-year term; single-chamber state congress. Own constitutions, courts and laws; police, education and health shared with the federation.

Every tier of government in Mexico

Other states of Mexico

• State of Mexico 17,822,420
• Mexico City 9,159,966
• Jalisco 8,982,027
• Veracruz 8,111,813
• Puebla 7,149,139
• Guanajuato 6,590,749
• Nuevo Leon 6,516,202
• Chiapas 6,185,469
• Michoacan 5,089,383
• Oaxaca 4,368,997
• Chihuahua 4,087,306
• Tamaulipas 3,777,472
• Guerrero 3,606,296
• Coahuila 3,440,385
• Hidalgo 3,334,060
• Sinaloa 3,208,039
• Sonora 3,168,624
• San Luis Potosi 3,002,651
• Queretaro 2,700,978
• Yucatan 2,542,536
• Tabasco 2,472,668
• Quintana Roo 2,141,082
• Morelos 2,067,472
• Durango 1,939,482
• Zacatecas 1,726,898
• Aguascalientes 1,567,559
• Tlaxcala 1,464,515
• Nayarit 1,338,499
• Campeche 962,014
• Baja California Sur 921,734
• Colima 771,538

Up a level: Mexico · government and power in Mexico · cities

Sources

• Secretaria de Hacienda y Credito Publico (SHCP), Unidad de Coordinacion con Entidades Federativas: Financiamientos y obligaciones de entidades federativas y sus entes publicos, por fuente de pago: balances at 30 June 2026 (millions of pesos), from the Registro Publico Unico, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 eb8f66109730…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Estadistica de Finanzas Publicas Estatales y Municipales (EFIPEM), state governments, annual open data 1989-2025 (2025 preliminary): revenue and spending of each state government by chapter, concept and item, in pesos, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 c8ace2050ce2…)
• Secretaria de Hacienda y Credito Publico (SHCP), Unidad de Coordinacion con Entidades Federativas: Financiamientos y obligaciones de entidades federativas y sus entes publicos por tipo de acreedor y fuente de pago: balances at 30 June 2026 (millions of pesos), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 eae1d48cad0e…)
• Secretaria de Hacienda y Credito Publico (SHCP), Unidad de Coordinacion con Entidades Federativas: Tasa de interes promedio ponderada por entidad federativa y sus entes publicos, at 30 June 2026, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 41392693e6b3…)
• Secretaria de Hacienda y Credito Publico (SHCP), Unidad de Coordinacion con Entidades Federativas: Sistema de Alertas: evaluacion del nivel de endeudamiento de las Entidades Federativas, 2T-2026 (indicators and ranges), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 ada72d2140d3…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Censo de Poblacion y Vivienda 2020, basic questionnaire tables, Poblacion: table 01, localities and total population by federal entity and locality size, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 387965e04fa3…)
• Consejo Nacional de Poblacion (CONAPO): Conciliacion Demografica de Mexico 1950-2019 y Proyecciones de la poblacion de Mexico y de las entidades federativas 2020-2070: file 5_Indicadores_demograficos_proyecciones.xlsx (mid-year population, median age, ages 65+, fertility, life expectancy and internal migration by entity and year), extracted from the official database archive, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 ee297053c917…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) 2024, nueva serie, tables by federal entity: 1.3 (households), 2.1 and 2.3 (average quarterly current income per household and per person, deciles and Gini, 2016-2024 at constant 2024 prices), 4.5 (household spending by category), 6.1 (income and spending per household), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 70b3c7ea2dc8…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Encuesta Nacional de Ocupacion y Empleo (ENOE): strategic indicators of occupation and employment, April-June 2026, national and federal entity tables, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 ad9d2139d9ee…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Encuesta Nacional de Ocupacion y Empleo (ENOE): strategic indicators of occupation and employment, April-June 2025, national and federal entity tables, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 8e9948078b2c…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): ENOE, informalidad laboral: quarterly labour informality and informal-sector rates by federal entity and sex, 2005-2026 (Tasas_Infor_enti-1.xlsx), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 d940bbd2871c…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Producto Interno Bruto por Entidad Federativa (PIBE), base year 2018, series 2003-2024 (2024 revised): tables PIBE_2 (GDP), PIBE_4 (gross value added), PIBE_5, PIBE_12 and PIBE_31 (primary, secondary and tertiary activities), PIBE_13 and PIBE_14 (mining, oil mining), PIBE_18 (manufacturing), PIBE_44 (accommodation and food services), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 c2de99570137…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Encuesta Intercensal 2025, tabulado 00_EIC_09_01: population by affiliation to health services, by state (API response), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 e969f346c360…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Encuesta Intercensal 2025, tabulado 00_EIC_07_02: population aged 15 and over by literacy, by state (API response), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 27af4908583c…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Encuesta Intercensal 2025, tabulado 00_EIC_07_03: population aged 3 and over by school attendance and age group, by state (API response), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 2ed197022ebf…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Defunciones por homicidio, reporte de resultados 28/26 (3 August 2026): Tabla 1 and Tabla 2, presumed homicides and rate per 100,000 by state of registration, 2012-2025 (2025 preliminary); Tabla 4, population by state on 30 June 2020-2025, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 2575008d23fb…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Estadisticas de Defunciones Registradas (EDR) 2025, reporte de resultados 29/26 (7 August 2026, preliminary): death rates per 100,000 by state of usual residence, crude and age-standardised (graficas 5, 8, 10, 12 and 33), accident death rates by state of occurrence (grafica 26) and deaths by state (cuadro 1), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 7b8ae91e9626…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): ENVIPE 2026 tabulados basicos, I. Nivel de victimizacion y delincuencia: cuadros 1.1 (victims per 100,000 by state and sex, 2025) and 1.12 (crimes per 100,000 by state of occurrence, 2025), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 0a4b86a7fbf1…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): ENVIPE 2026 tabulados basicos, III. Denuncia del delito: cuadro 3.3, crimes by state and the share not reported or not investigated (cifra oculta), 2025, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 d1d6efe5db3a…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): ENVIPE 2026 tabulados basicos, V. Percepcion sobre la seguridad publica: cuadros 5.13 (perceived safety in the state) and 5.21 (safety walking alone at night near home), February-April 2026, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 354f0437fa98…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Grado promedio de escolaridad de la poblacion de 15 anos y mas por entidad federativa segun sexo, 2000, 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2025 (censuses and intercensal surveys; API response), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 86868b0b467c…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Encuesta Intercensal 2025, tabulado 00_EIC_07_04: population aged 15 and over by level of schooling and age group, by state (API response), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 fc8c3139dc7a…)
• Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI): Pobreza Multidimensional (PM) 2024: indicadores de pobreza segun entidad federativa, 2016-2024 (poverty, extreme poverty, vulnerability, social deprivations and income lines by state; CONEVAL methodology, ENIGH 2024), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 8ea643bcb158…)

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