Poverty and living standards in North Dakota, United States: official figures
The Census Bureau estimates that 10.8% of people in North Dakota lived below the federal poverty line in 2024, about 82,590 people; 22nd lowest among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 12.1%).
Has poverty in North Dakota gone up or down?
In 2019 the estimate for North Dakota was 10.5% (77,327 people), so the rate is up 0.3 percentage points over five years; the national rate moved from 12.3% to 12.1%.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow many children live in poverty in North Dakota?
11.7% of children under 18 in North Dakota were in poverty in 2024, about 21,370 children; joint 13th lowest among the 50 states and DC. For children under 5 the rate was 13.0% (U.S.: 15.5% for under-18s, 16.5% for under-5s).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow unequal are incomes in North Dakota?
The Gini index of household income inequality in North Dakota was 0.4570 in 2024 (0 means every household has the same income, 1 means one household has it all); 18th least unequal among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 0.4809).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow many renters in North Dakota are cost-burdened?
36.1% of renting households in North Dakota spent 30% or more of their income on rent and utilities in 2024, and 16.8% spent half or more; the 30% share is the lowest among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 51.8%).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow many households in North Dakota get food stamps?
6.4% of households in North Dakota (22,340) said they received SNAP food benefits at some point in the previous 12 months in the 2024 American Community Survey; 4th lowest among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 11.8%). 51% of those households had incomes below the poverty line, and 71% of households below the poverty line did not receive SNAP.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow many people get SNAP in North Dakota?
An average of 55,260 people in North Dakota received SNAP benefits each month in fiscal year 2025 (October 2024 to September 2025), up 13.5% on fiscal 2024 (48,694), according to USDA administrative data; nationally the average was 42.14 million.
Source: USDA Food and Nutrition Service · saved copyHow much are SNAP benefits in North Dakota?
SNAP benefits paid in North Dakota totaled $120.18 million in fiscal 2025, an average of $181.23 per person per month (U.S.: $189.36); 20th smallest average benefit among the 50 states and DC.
Source: USDA Food and Nutrition Service · saved copyHow many homeless people are there in North Dakota?
Local counts on a single night in January 2025 found 861 people experiencing homelessness in North Dakota, down 0.5% on 2024 (865) and up 54.6% on 2019 (557); 2nd smallest count among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 745,652).
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development · saved copyHow many homeless people in North Dakota sleep outside?
Of those counted in North Dakota in January 2025, 695 were in emergency shelters or transitional housing and 166 (19.3%) were unsheltered, sleeping outside or in places not meant for housing; 15th lowest unsheltered share among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 35.7%).
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development · saved copyWho is homeless in North Dakota?
The January 2025 count in North Dakota included 219 people in families with children, 142 children under 18, 201 chronically homeless individuals and 28 veterans.
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development · saved copyHow many households in North Dakota are food insecure?
On average over 2021 to 2023, 8.6% of households in North Dakota were food insecure, meaning they had difficulty at some time in the year providing enough food because of a lack of resources; 2nd lowest among the 50 states and DC and statistically lower than the national average of 12.2%, according to USDA.
Source: USDA Economic Research Service · saved copyIs food insecurity in North Dakota getting worse?
3.2% of households in North Dakota had very low food security in 2021-23, with some members eating less or skipping meals. Overall food insecurity was 7.9% in 2018-20 and 8.7% in 2011-13; the move from 2018-20 to 2021-23 is +0.7 percentage points, a change USDA does not rate as statistically significant.
Source: USDA Economic Research Service · saved copyHow North Dakota compares with other states
People in poverty (all ages) (2024)
North Dakota ranks 30 of 51, highest first. Census Bureau SAIPE model estimates
| Rank | Region | People in poverty (all ages) |
|---|---|---|
| 27 | Illinois | 11.5% |
| 28 | Iowa | 11.2% |
| 29 | Kansas | 10.9% |
| 30 | North Dakota | 10.8% |
| 31 | Nebraska | 10.6% |
| 32 | Maine | 10.6% |
| 33 | South Dakota | 10.5% |
Children under 18 in poverty (2024)
North Dakota ranks 39 of 51, highest first. Census Bureau SAIPE model estimates
| Rank | Region | Children under 18 in poverty |
|---|---|---|
| 36 | New Jersey | 11.8% |
| 37 | Virginia | 11.8% |
| 38 | Montana | 11.7% |
| 39 | North Dakota | 11.7% |
| 40 | Nebraska | 11.6% |
| 41 | Washington | 11.5% |
| 42 | Massachusetts | 11.4% |
Gini index of household income inequality (2024)
North Dakota ranks 34 of 51, highest first. 0 = perfect equality, 1 = one household has all income
| Rank | Region | Gini index of household income inequality |
|---|---|---|
| 31 | Colorado | 0.4611 |
| 32 | Wyoming | 0.4609 |
| 33 | Montana | 0.4581 |
| 34 | North Dakota | 0.4570 |
| 35 | Maine | 0.4566 |
| 36 | Maryland | 0.4559 |
| 37 | Oregon | 0.4557 |
Renters paying 30% or more of income on rent (2024)
North Dakota ranks 51 of 51, highest first. Share of renter households for which the ratio can be computed
| Rank | Region | Renters paying 30% or more of income on rent |
|---|---|---|
| 45 | Kansas | 43.4% |
| 46 | Iowa | 43.2% |
| 47 | Wyoming | 42.9% |
| 48 | Montana | 42.7% |
| 49 | South Dakota | 41.9% |
| 50 | Alaska | 41.5% |
| 51 | North Dakota | 36.1% |
Households that received SNAP in the past 12 months (2024)
North Dakota ranks 48 of 51, highest first. American Community Survey
| Rank | Region | Households that received SNAP in the past 12 months |
|---|---|---|
| 45 | South Dakota | 7.1% |
| 46 | Montana | 7.0% |
| 47 | New Hampshire | 6.5% |
| 48 | North Dakota | 6.4% |
| 49 | Kansas | 5.9% |
| 50 | Wyoming | 5.6% |
| 51 | Utah | 4.6% |
Households with food insecurity (average 2021-23) (2021-2023)
North Dakota ranks 50 of 51, highest first. Low or very low food security
| Rank | Region | Households with food insecurity (average 2021-23) |
|---|---|---|
| 45 | Massachusetts | 9.3% |
| 46 | Vermont | 9.2% |
| 47 | Minnesota | 9.1% |
| 48 | South Dakota | 9.0% |
| 49 | District of Columbia | 8.8% |
| 50 | North Dakota | 8.6% |
| 51 | New Hampshire | 7.4% |
People experiencing homelessness (one night in January) (2025)
North Dakota ranks 50 of 51, highest first. HUD point-in-time count
| Rank | Region | People experiencing homelessness (one night in January) |
|---|---|---|
| 45 | Montana | 2,263 |
| 46 | West Virginia | 1,925 |
| 47 | Delaware | 1,573 |
| 48 | South Dakota | 1,450 |
| 49 | Mississippi | 1,245 |
| 50 | North Dakota | 861 |
| 51 | Wyoming | 535 |
Share of homeless people who were unsheltered (2025)
North Dakota ranks 37 of 51, highest first. HUD point-in-time count
| Rank | Region | Share of homeless people who were unsheltered |
|---|---|---|
| 34 | Alaska | 21.6% |
| 35 | Ohio | 20.3% |
| 36 | Pennsylvania | 19.4% |
| 37 | North Dakota | 19.3% |
| 38 | Virginia | 18.6% |
| 39 | Wyoming | 18.3% |
| 40 | Michigan | 16.9% |
People receiving SNAP (monthly average, FY2025) (FY2025)
North Dakota ranks 50 of 51, highest first. USDA FNS National Data Bank
| Rank | Region | People receiving SNAP (monthly average, FY2025) |
|---|---|---|
| 45 | Montana | 79,828 |
| 46 | New Hampshire | 75,857 |
| 47 | South Dakota | 75,176 |
| 48 | Vermont | 64,802 |
| 49 | Alaska | 64,610 |
| 50 | North Dakota | 55,260 |
| 51 | Wyoming | 27,489 |
More on North Dakota: overview · economy and jobs · health · education and schools · government budget · the United States
Sources
- U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey 2024 1-year estimates, table-based summary file: Gini index of income inequality (B19083), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 dc8a2b21190b…)
- U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey 2024 1-year estimates, table-based summary file: Receipt of food stamps/SNAP by poverty status for households (B22003), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 53dc663e0426…)
- U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey 2024 1-year estimates, table-based summary file: Gross rent as a percentage of household income (B25070), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 edf1abe1970b…)
- USDA Economic Research Service: Household Food Security in the United States in 2023 (ERR-337), tables 4 and 5: food insecurity by State, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 c0eebe273d83…)
- U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development: 2007-2025 Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness by State (2025 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report, Part 1), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 c04ebcbe51c8…)
- U.S. Census Bureau: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE): 2024 poverty and median household income, states and counties, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 cb52c47d75c1…)
- U.S. Census Bureau: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE): 2019 poverty and median household income, states and counties, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 229d90cb3e05…)
- USDA Food and Nutrition Service: SNAP Monthly State Participation and Benefit Summary, fiscal years 1969 to current (FY24.xlsx and FY25.xlsx), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 d31418fd3b4b…)
Each saved copy is the file exactly as downloaded, kept so the figures can be checked even if the source changes. Report an error.