Economy, jobs and prices in North Dakota, United States: official figures
The economy of North Dakota (gross domestic product) was worth $82.3 billion in 2025 at current prices, 0.3% of the US total of $30.86 trillion; 6th smallest of 51. In current dollars it was up 1.0% on 2024.
How fast is the economy of North Dakota growing?
After adjusting for inflation, real GDP in North Dakota grew 0.5% in 2025, against 2.3% for the United States; 4th slowest-growing of 51.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · saved copyWhat is the GDP per capita of North Dakota?
Dividing 2025 GDP by the Census Bureau's population estimate gives $103,020 of output per resident, against $90,294 for the US economy divided by the population of the 50 states and DC; 8th highest of 51.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · saved copyIs the economy of North Dakota growing or shrinking?
In the second quarter of 2026, real GDP in North Dakota shrank at an annual rate of 0.9% (United States: 2.2%); 4th slowest-growing of 51.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · saved copyWhat are the main industries in North Dakota?
In 2025 the largest private industry in North Dakota's economy was mining, oil and gas (13.9% of GDP), followed by real estate, rental and leasing (9.2%) and manufacturing (8.3%). Government accounted for 10.4%; the manufacturing share was 20th lowest of 51 (United States: 9.5%).
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · saved copyHow much do people in North Dakota spend?
Consumer spending (personal consumption expenditures) in North Dakota came to $61,192 per person in 2025 (United States: $61,062); 20th highest of 51.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · saved copyIs North Dakota expensive to live in?
Prices in North Dakota were 11.0% below the national average in 2024, by BEA's regional price parity of 89.0 (US = 100), which covers goods, services and housing; 8th least expensive of 51.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · saved copyWhat is the inflation rate in North Dakota?
Prices in North Dakota rose 3.5% in 2024, measured by BEA's implicit regional price deflator, against 2.6% nationally (PCE price index).
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · saved copyWhat is the per capita income in North Dakota?
Personal income per person in North Dakota was $77,438 in 2025, against $77,028 for the United States; 18th highest of 51. It was up 5.9% on 2024 and up 28.1% on 2020, before inflation.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · saved copyWhat is the disposable income per person in North Dakota?
After taxes, disposable personal income per person was $69,305 in 2025 (United States: $67,251); 15th highest of 51.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · saved copyHow far does income go in North Dakota?
Adjusted for local price levels, real personal income per person in North Dakota was $65,271 in 2024 in 2017 dollars (United States: $59,195); 7th highest of 51.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · saved copyWhat is the median household income in North Dakota?
Median household income in North Dakota was $77,871 in 2024 (margin of error ±$2,755), against $81,604 for the United States; 26th highest of 51 by the point estimate. It was not statistically different from 2023 after adjusting for inflation (American Community Survey).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow unequal are incomes in North Dakota?
The Gini index of household income inequality in North Dakota was 0.457 in 2024 (0 means equal incomes, 1 means one household has everything; United States: 0.481); tied for 17th least unequal of 51.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyWhat is the unemployment rate in North Dakota?
The unemployment rate in North Dakota was 2.2% in September 2026 (seasonally adjusted, preliminary), down from 2.6% a year earlier; 2nd lowest of 51. The rate for the 50 states and DC combined was 4.2%.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · saved copyHow many people are unemployed in North Dakota?
In September 2026, 9,516 people in North Dakota were unemployed and 420,754 employed, out of a labor force of 430,270.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · saved copyWhat was the unemployment rate in North Dakota in 2025?
Over 2025 the unemployment rate in North Dakota averaged 2.6% (an 11-month average: October 2025 was not collected during the federal shutdown), against 2.4% in 2024; 3rd lowest of 51. The lowest annual rate since 1976 was 2.0% in 2023.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · saved copyWhat is the average salary in North Dakota?
Workers covered by unemployment insurance in North Dakota were paid $67,580 on average in 2025 ($1,300 a week), up 2.9% on 2024; the US average was $78,720. That is 22nd lowest of 51.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · saved copyHow many jobs are there in North Dakota?
Employers in North Dakota had an average of 429,567 jobs on their payrolls in 2025 across 36,560 establishments, up 0.2% on 2024 (United States: up 0.5%).
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · saved copyWhat is the median wage in North Dakota?
The median annual wage across all occupations in North Dakota was $52,480 in May 2025 (mean $64,050); 18th highest of 51. One in ten workers earned less than $31,330 and one in ten more than $103,160.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · saved copyWhat is the most common job in North Dakota?
The most common occupation in North Dakota in May 2025 was heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers, with 11,870 workers and a median annual wage of $60,910.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · saved copyWhat is the median household income in North Dakota?
Median household income in North Dakota was $80,132 in 2024, 24th highest among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: $81,604). In 2019 it was $67,402, so it has risen 18.9% before allowing for inflation.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyWhat is the average rent in North Dakota?
The median gross rent in North Dakota, including utilities, was $980 a month in 2024, up 7.0% on 2023 ($916); 2nd lowest among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: $1,487).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyWhat is the median home value in North Dakota?
Homeowners in North Dakota valued their homes at a median of $266,100 in 2024, up 7.9% on 2023 ($246,700); 15th lowest among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: $360,600).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow affordable are homes in North Dakota?
The median home value in North Dakota was 3.3 times the median household income in 2024 ($266,100 against $80,132); 6th lowest ratio among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 4.4).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyIs rent affordable in North Dakota?
A household on the median income in North Dakota would spend 14.7% of its income on the median rent of $980 a month in 2024 (U.S.: 21.9%).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow North Dakota compares with other states
Gross domestic product, 2025 (current dollars) (2025)
North Dakota ranks 46 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Gross domestic product, 2025 (current dollars) |
|---|---|---|
| 43 | West Virginia | $111.3 billion |
| 44 | Maine | $101.7 billion |
| 45 | Rhode Island | $88.2 billion |
| 46 | North Dakota | $82.3 billion |
| 47 | South Dakota | $82.0 billion |
| 48 | Montana | $80.9 billion |
| 49 | Alaska | $73.6 billion |
GDP per resident, 2025 (BEA GDP / Census population) (2025)
North Dakota ranks 8 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | GDP per resident, 2025 (BEA GDP / Census population) |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | Washington | $111,518 |
| 6 | California | $109,196 |
| 7 | Connecticut | $103,727 |
| 8 | North Dakota | $103,020 |
| 9 | Nebraska | $102,386 |
| 10 | Alaska | $99,875 |
| 11 | Illinois | $97,568 |
Real GDP growth, 2025 (2025)
North Dakota ranks 48 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Real GDP growth, 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| 45 | Wisconsin | 0.8% |
| 46 | Maryland | 0.8% |
| 47 | Minnesota | 0.7% |
| 48 | North Dakota | 0.5% |
| 49 | Wyoming | 0.1% |
| 50 | Iowa | -0.4% |
| 51 | District of Columbia | -1.0% |
Real GDP growth, 2026:Q2 (annual rate) (2026:Q2)
North Dakota ranks 48 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Real GDP growth, 2026:Q2 (annual rate) |
|---|---|---|
| 45 | Montana | 0.1% |
| 46 | Nebraska | -0.1% |
| 47 | Kansas | -0.6% |
| 48 | North Dakota | -0.9% |
| 49 | Alaska | -1.3% |
| 50 | Wyoming | -1.6% |
| 51 | West Virginia | -2.3% |
Personal income per person, 2025 (2025)
North Dakota ranks 18 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Personal income per person, 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| 15 | Illinois | $78,987 |
| 16 | Florida | $78,345 |
| 17 | Minnesota | $78,197 |
| 18 | North Dakota | $77,438 |
| 19 | Hawaii | $76,966 |
| 20 | Nebraska | $76,055 |
| 21 | Vermont | $75,723 |
Real personal income per person, 2024 (adjusted for local prices, 2017 dollars) (2024)
North Dakota ranks 7 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Real personal income per person, 2024 (adjusted for local prices, 2017 dollars) |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | Massachusetts | $71,629 |
| 5 | South Dakota | $69,153 |
| 6 | Nebraska | $65,297 |
| 7 | North Dakota | $65,271 |
| 8 | Colorado | $65,223 |
| 9 | New Hampshire | $64,632 |
| 10 | Washington | $64,421 |
Median household income, 2024 (ACS) (2024)
North Dakota ranks 26 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Median household income, 2024 (ACS) |
|---|---|---|
| 23 | Nevada | $81,134 |
| 24 | Georgia | $79,991 |
| 25 | Texas | $79,721 |
| 26 | North Dakota | $77,871 |
| 27 | Florida | $77,735 |
| 28 | Pennsylvania | $77,545 |
| 29 | Wisconsin | $77,488 |
Regional price parity, 2024 (US = 100) (2024)
North Dakota ranks 44 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Regional price parity, 2024 (US = 100) |
|---|---|---|
| 41 | Nebraska | 90.1 |
| 42 | Kansas | 90.1 |
| 43 | West Virginia | 89.5 |
| 44 | North Dakota | 89.0 |
| 45 | Alabama | 88.8 |
| 46 | South Dakota | 88.6 |
| 47 | Louisiana | 88.2 |
Unemployment rate, September 2026 (seasonally adjusted) (September 2026)
North Dakota ranks 50 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Unemployment rate, September 2026 (seasonally adjusted) |
|---|---|---|
| 45 | Wyoming | 3.0% |
| 46 | Nebraska | 2.9% |
| 47 | Hawaii | 2.8% |
| 48 | New Hampshire | 2.6% |
| 49 | Vermont | 2.6% |
| 50 | North Dakota | 2.2% |
| 51 | South Dakota | 2.0% |
Unemployment rate, 2025 annual average (2025)
North Dakota ranks 49 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Unemployment rate, 2025 annual average |
|---|---|---|
| 45 | New Hampshire | 3.2% |
| 46 | Nebraska | 3.0% |
| 47 | Alabama | 2.9% |
| 48 | Vermont | 2.7% |
| 49 | North Dakota | 2.6% |
| 50 | Hawaii | 2.4% |
| 51 | South Dakota | 2.1% |
Labor force participation rate, September 2026 (September 2026)
North Dakota ranks 3 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Labor force participation rate, September 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | District of Columbia | 70.3% |
| 2 | Nebraska | 69.2% |
| 3 | North Dakota | 68.9% |
| 4 | Iowa | 66.9% |
| 5 | Minnesota | 66.7% |
| 6 | Utah | 66.5% |
| 7 | Kansas | 66.4% |
Average annual pay, 2025 (QCEW) (2025)
North Dakota ranks 30 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Average annual pay, 2025 (QCEW) |
|---|---|---|
| 27 | Nevada | $69,776 |
| 28 | Utah | $69,316 |
| 29 | Ohio | $68,298 |
| 30 | North Dakota | $67,580 |
| 31 | Vermont | $67,247 |
| 32 | Missouri | $66,459 |
| 33 | Wisconsin | $66,160 |
Median annual wage, all occupations, May 2025 (OEWS) (May 2025)
North Dakota ranks 18 of 51, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Median annual wage, all occupations, May 2025 (OEWS) |
|---|---|---|
| 15 | Hawaii | $56,320 |
| 16 | New Hampshire | $55,880 |
| 17 | Virginia | $55,690 |
| 18 | North Dakota | $52,480 |
| 19 | Delaware | $52,190 |
| 20 | Illinois | $51,960 |
| 21 | Maine | $51,430 |
Median household income (2024)
North Dakota ranks 24 of 51, highest first. Census Bureau SAIPE model estimates
| Rank | Region | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | Arizona | $81,404 |
| 22 | Nevada | $81,129 |
| 23 | Idaho | $80,852 |
| 24 | North Dakota | $80,132 |
| 25 | Georgia | $79,912 |
| 26 | Texas | $79,723 |
| 27 | Florida | $77,687 |
Median gross rent (monthly) (2024)
North Dakota ranks 50 of 51, highest first. Renter-occupied units paying cash rent
| Rank | Region | Median gross rent (monthly) |
|---|---|---|
| 45 | Kentucky | $998 |
| 46 | Wyoming | $998 |
| 47 | Mississippi | $990 |
| 48 | Arkansas | $982 |
| 49 | Iowa | $981 |
| 50 | North Dakota | $980 |
| 51 | West Virginia | $883 |
Median value of owner-occupied homes (2024)
North Dakota ranks 37 of 51, highest first. Owner-reported value
| Rank | Region | Median value of owner-occupied homes |
|---|---|---|
| 34 | Illinois | $280,700 |
| 35 | New Mexico | $279,900 |
| 36 | Pennsylvania | $277,600 |
| 37 | North Dakota | $266,100 |
| 38 | Nebraska | $263,100 |
| 39 | Missouri | $254,400 |
| 40 | Michigan | $254,200 |
More on North Dakota: overview · health · education and schools · poverty and living standards · government budget · the United States
Sources
- U.S. Census Bureau: Household Income in States and Metropolitan Areas: 2024 (ACSBR-025), Appendix Table 1: median household income and Gini index by state, 2023 and 2024 American Community Survey, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 5de1b0d5ec46…)
- U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis: SASUMMARY: State annual summary statistics: personal income, GDP, consumer spending, price indexes, and employment (updated 30 September 2026), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a3757d207c05…)
- U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis: SAGDP: Annual GDP by state, 1997-2025 (table SAGDP2, GDP in current dollars by industry), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 3d3c5bc7bd24…)
- U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis: SQGDP: Quarterly GDP by state, 2005-2026 Q2 (table SQGDP11, percent change in real GDP at annual rate), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 1649260cdceb…)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Local Area Unemployment Statistics: employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, states, monthly, seasonally adjusted, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 7bb6f18d4145…)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Local Area Unemployment Statistics: employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, states, annual averages 1976-2025, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 262aba7d00df…)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025 state estimates (state_M2025_dl.xlsx), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 74d5be0e1df8…)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2025 annual averages, all industries (open data CSV slice), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 5a5f89142aae…)
- U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey 2024 1-year estimates, table-based summary file: Median gross rent (B25064), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 8624f9775add…)
- U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey 2024 1-year estimates, table-based summary file: Median value of owner-occupied homes (B25077), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 27120d5d8a5f…)
- U.S. Census Bureau: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE): 2024 poverty and median household income, states and counties, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 cb52c47d75c1…)
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