Poverty and living standards in Maryland, United States: official figures
The Census Bureau estimates that 9.2% of people in Maryland lived below the federal poverty line in 2024, about 566,300 people; joint 3rd lowest among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 12.1%).
Has poverty in Maryland gone up or down?
In 2019 the estimate for Maryland was 9.1% (537,717 people), so the rate is up 0.1 percentage points over five years; the national rate moved from 12.3% to 12.1%.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow many children live in poverty in Maryland?
11.2% of children under 18 in Maryland were in poverty in 2024, about 150,961 children; joint 7th lowest among the 50 states and DC. For children under 5 the rate was 12.3% (U.S.: 15.5% for under-18s, 16.5% for under-5s).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow unequal are incomes in Maryland?
The Gini index of household income inequality in Maryland was 0.4559 in 2024 (0 means every household has the same income, 1 means one household has it all); 16th least unequal among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 0.4809).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow many renters in Maryland are cost-burdened?
51.5% of renting households in Maryland spent 30% or more of their income on rent and utilities in 2024, and 25.7% spent half or more; the 30% share is 16th highest among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 51.8%).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow many households in Maryland get food stamps?
10.3% of households in Maryland (247,604) said they received SNAP food benefits at some point in the previous 12 months in the 2024 American Community Survey; 23rd lowest among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 11.8%). 37% of those households had incomes below the poverty line, and 62% of households below the poverty line did not receive SNAP.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow many people get SNAP in Maryland?
An average of 675,134 people in Maryland received SNAP benefits each month in fiscal year 2025 (October 2024 to September 2025), down 2.7% on fiscal 2024 (694,023), according to USDA administrative data; nationally the average was 42.14 million.
Source: USDA Food and Nutrition Service · saved copyHow much are SNAP benefits in Maryland?
SNAP benefits paid in Maryland totaled $1.5 billion in fiscal 2025, an average of $181.99 per person per month (U.S.: $189.36); 22nd smallest average benefit among the 50 states and DC.
Source: USDA Food and Nutrition Service · saved copyHow many homeless people are there in Maryland?
Local counts on a single night in January 2025 found 7,120 people experiencing homelessness in Maryland, up 17.3% on 2024 (6,069) and up 8.5% on 2019 (6,561); 22nd largest count among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 745,652).
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development · saved copyHow many homeless people in Maryland sleep outside?
Of those counted in Maryland in January 2025, 6,219 were in emergency shelters or transitional housing and 901 (12.7%) were unsheltered, sleeping outside or in places not meant for housing; 8th lowest unsheltered share among the 50 states and DC (U.S.: 35.7%).
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development · saved copyWho is homeless in Maryland?
The January 2025 count in Maryland included 2,638 people in families with children, 1,591 children under 18, 796 chronically homeless individuals and 320 veterans.
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development · saved copyHow many households in Maryland are food insecure?
On average over 2021 to 2023, 10.4% of households in Maryland were food insecure, meaning they had difficulty at some time in the year providing enough food because of a lack of resources; joint 15th lowest among the 50 states and DC and statistically lower than the national average of 12.2%, according to USDA.
Source: USDA Economic Research Service · saved copyIs food insecurity in Maryland getting worse?
3.3% of households in Maryland had very low food security in 2021-23, with some members eating less or skipping meals. Overall food insecurity was 9.2% in 2018-20 and 13.3% in 2011-13; the move from 2018-20 to 2021-23 is +1.2 percentage points, a change USDA does not rate as statistically significant.
Source: USDA Economic Research Service · saved copyHow Maryland compares with other states
People in poverty (all ages) (2024)
Maryland ranks 49 of 51, highest first. Census Bureau SAIPE model estimates
| Rank | Region | People in poverty (all ages) |
|---|---|---|
| 45 | Colorado | 9.6% |
| 46 | Minnesota | 9.3% |
| 47 | Vermont | 9.3% |
| 48 | New Jersey | 9.2% |
| 49 | Maryland | 9.2% |
| 50 | Utah | 8.4% |
| 51 | New Hampshire | 7.3% |
Children under 18 in poverty (2024)
Maryland ranks 44 of 51, highest first. Census Bureau SAIPE model estimates
| Rank | Region | Children under 18 in poverty |
|---|---|---|
| 41 | Washington | 11.5% |
| 42 | Massachusetts | 11.4% |
| 43 | Hawaii | 11.4% |
| 44 | Maryland | 11.2% |
| 45 | Colorado | 11.2% |
| 46 | Idaho | 10.9% |
| 47 | Wyoming | 10.2% |
Gini index of household income inequality (2024)
Maryland ranks 36 of 51, highest first. 0 = perfect equality, 1 = one household has all income
| Rank | Region | Gini index of household income inequality |
|---|---|---|
| 33 | Montana | 0.4581 |
| 34 | North Dakota | 0.4570 |
| 35 | Maine | 0.4566 |
| 36 | Maryland | 0.4559 |
| 37 | Oregon | 0.4557 |
| 38 | Kansas | 0.4557 |
| 39 | Vermont | 0.4551 |
Renters paying 30% or more of income on rent (2024)
Maryland ranks 17 of 51, highest first. Share of renter households for which the ratio can be computed
| Rank | Region | Renters paying 30% or more of income on rent |
|---|---|---|
| 14 | New Jersey | 52.2% |
| 15 | New York | 51.5% |
| 16 | North Carolina | 51.5% |
| 17 | Maryland | 51.5% |
| 18 | Michigan | 51.2% |
| 19 | Rhode Island | 51.1% |
| 20 | Washington | 50.7% |
Households that received SNAP in the past 12 months (2024)
Maryland ranks 30 of 51, highest first. American Community Survey
| Rank | Region | Households that received SNAP in the past 12 months |
|---|---|---|
| 27 | Vermont | 10.6% |
| 28 | Alaska | 10.4% |
| 29 | Texas | 10.3% |
| 30 | Maryland | 10.3% |
| 31 | Arizona | 10.2% |
| 32 | Delaware | 10.0% |
| 33 | South Carolina | 9.5% |
Households with food insecurity (average 2021-23) (2021-2023)
Maryland ranks 35 of 51, highest first. Low or very low food security
| Rank | Region | Households with food insecurity (average 2021-23) |
|---|---|---|
| 32 | Wisconsin | 10.7% |
| 33 | Kansas | 10.6% |
| 34 | Montana | 10.6% |
| 35 | Maryland | 10.4% |
| 36 | Connecticut | 10.4% |
| 37 | Alaska | 10.4% |
| 38 | Virginia | 10.0% |
People experiencing homelessness (one night in January) (2025)
Maryland ranks 22 of 51, highest first. HUD point-in-time count
| Rank | Region | People experiencing homelessness (one night in January) |
|---|---|---|
| 19 | Minnesota | 8,392 |
| 20 | Missouri | 8,345 |
| 21 | Virginia | 7,240 |
| 22 | Maryland | 7,120 |
| 23 | Hawaii | 6,828 |
| 24 | Indiana | 6,675 |
| 25 | Kentucky | 5,789 |
Share of homeless people who were unsheltered (2025)
Maryland ranks 44 of 51, highest first. HUD point-in-time count
| Rank | Region | Share of homeless people who were unsheltered |
|---|---|---|
| 41 | District of Columbia | 15.5% |
| 42 | New Jersey | 14.5% |
| 43 | Illinois | 14.2% |
| 44 | Maryland | 12.7% |
| 45 | Maine | 11.6% |
| 46 | Nebraska | 10.8% |
| 47 | Delaware | 10.6% |
People receiving SNAP (monthly average, FY2025) (FY2025)
Maryland ranks 22 of 51, highest first. USDA FNS National Data Bank
| Rank | Region | People receiving SNAP (monthly average, FY2025) |
|---|---|---|
| 19 | Tennessee | 696,070 |
| 20 | Oklahoma | 694,230 |
| 21 | Wisconsin | 693,082 |
| 22 | Maryland | 675,134 |
| 23 | Missouri | 662,382 |
| 24 | Colorado | 612,659 |
| 25 | Kentucky | 595,472 |
More on Maryland: overview · economy and jobs · health · education and schools · government budget · the United States
Sources
- U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey 2024 1-year estimates, table-based summary file: Gini index of income inequality (B19083), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 dc8a2b21190b…)
- U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey 2024 1-year estimates, table-based summary file: Receipt of food stamps/SNAP by poverty status for households (B22003), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 53dc663e0426…)
- U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey 2024 1-year estimates, table-based summary file: Gross rent as a percentage of household income (B25070), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 edf1abe1970b…)
- USDA Economic Research Service: Household Food Security in the United States in 2023 (ERR-337), tables 4 and 5: food insecurity by State, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 c0eebe273d83…)
- U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development: 2007-2025 Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness by State (2025 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report, Part 1), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 c04ebcbe51c8…)
- U.S. Census Bureau: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE): 2024 poverty and median household income, states and counties, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 cb52c47d75c1…)
- U.S. Census Bureau: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE): 2019 poverty and median household income, states and counties, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 229d90cb3e05…)
- USDA Food and Nutrition Service: SNAP Monthly State Participation and Benefit Summary, fiscal years 1969 to current (FY24.xlsx and FY25.xlsx), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 d31418fd3b4b…)
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