Economy, jobs and prices in Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova, Türkiye: official figures
GDP per person was 35,000 purchasing power standards (PPS) in 2024, 88% of the EU average; 3rd highest of 26 regions in Türkiye. PPS adjust for price differences between countries.
How big is the economy of Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova?
The regional economy produced €77.9 billion of output (GDP at market prices) in 2024, 6.2% of Türkiye's GDP.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is the unemployment rate in Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova?
The unemployment rate (age 15 to 74) was 8.5% in 2025, against 8.4% for Türkiye and 6.0% across the EU; 11th highest of 26 regions in Türkiye.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is youth unemployment in Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova?
Youth unemployment (age 15 to 24) was 15.6% in 2025, against 15.4% for Türkiye; 14th highest of 26 regions in Türkiye.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow much does Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova spend on research and development?
Spending on research and development came to 2.21% of GDP in 2024 (1.46% nationally).
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is the average income in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region?
In TÜİK's 2025 Income and Living Conditions Survey, mean annual equivalised household disposable income in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region (TR42) was 332,409 lira per person (incomes earned in 2024), about the same as the national figure of 332,882 lira and 9th highest of 26 NUTS2 regions.
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copyWhat is the median income in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region?
The median equivalised income in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region was 268,571 lira per person in the 2025 survey, 11% above the national figure (241,151 lira); half of residents lived on less than this. That was 6th highest of 26 regions.
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copyHow expensive is the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region compared with the rest of Turkey?
Adjusted for regional prices (TÜİK price level index 102.6 in 2024, Türkiye = 100), the median income in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region is worth about 261,753 lira at national prices, 5th highest of 26 regions on purchasing power.
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copyIs the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region expensive to live in?
TÜİK's 2024 regional purchasing power parities put the overall price level in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region (TR42) at 102.6 (Türkiye = 100), making it 8th most expensive of 26 regions for household spending.
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copyHow many women work in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region?
In 2025, 39.6% of women aged 15 and over in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region (TR42) were in the labour force, compared with 74.7% of men and a national female rate of 36.2%; this ranked 6th highest of 26 regions.
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copyHow many people in Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova are long-term unemployed?
In 2025, 1.4% of the labour force in Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova had been unemployed for 12 months or more, against 1.5% for Türkiye as a whole and 1.9% across the EU; 11th lowest of 26 statistical regions in Türkiye. In 2015 it was 2.1%.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is the unemployment rate for women in Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova?
Unemployment among women was 11.7% in 2025, against 11.4% for Türkiye as a whole and 6.2% across the EU; 11th highest of 26 statistical regions in Türkiye. In 2015 it was 13.7%.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow many women in Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova are in work?
41.7% of women aged 20 to 64 were in work in 2025, against 39.1% for Türkiye as a whole and 71.3% across the EU; 10th highest of 26 statistical regions in Türkiye. In 2015 it was 35.3%.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow many cars are there in Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova?
Residents of Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova owned 164 cars per 1,000 people in 2024, compared with 189 nationally; 9th lowest of 26 statistical regions in Türkiye. In 2014 it was 115.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow many tourists visit Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova?
Hotels, campsites and other tourist accommodation recorded 5.2 million nights in 2025, 16% of them by visitors from abroad.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is the main industry in Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova?
The largest part of the economy of Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova in 2024 was industry (manufacturing, mining and energy), at 41.5% of gross value added, followed by trade, transport, hospitality and communications (28.7%).
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow industrial is Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova?
Industry (manufacturing, mining and energy) made up 41.5% of output in 2024, against 22.2% for Türkiye.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow fast is the economy of Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova growing?
Gross value added rose from €40.6 billion in 2015 to €69.2 billion in 2024 in current prices, an increase of 70% before inflation.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyMore figures
- Mean equivalised income in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region rose 75.0% between the 2024 and 2025 surveys, from 189,941 lira to 332,409 lira, against a national rise of 77.3% in a period of high inflation. Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copy
- Relative to the national average, mean income in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region went from 101% of the Turkish level in the 2014 survey to 100% in 2025, a fall over 11 years. Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copy
- Food and non-alcoholic drinks cost 103.3 in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region on TÜİK's 2024 index (Türkiye = 100), transport 101.8 and restaurants and hotels 97.8. Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copy
- The employment rate of women in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region was 35.1% in 2025, 7th highest of 26 regions; about 584 thousand women were employed and 1.01 million were outside the labour force. Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copy
- Female labour force participation in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region changed from 30.9% in 2020 to 39.6% in 2025, a change of +8.7 points. Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copy
- The gap between men's and women's labour force participation in the Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova region was 35.1 percentage points in 2025; the national gap was 35.1 points. Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copy
How Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova compares with other statistical regions
Mean annual equivalised household disposable income per person (lira) (2025)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 9 of 26, highest first. TÜİK Income and Living Conditions Survey 2025; incomes refer to 2024
| Rank | Region | Mean annual equivalised household disposable income per person (lira) |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 365,324 TL |
| 7 | Balıkesir, Çanakkale | 350,333 TL |
| 8 | Aydın, Denizli, Muğla | 347,745 TL |
| 9 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 332,409 TL |
| 10 | Samsun, Tokat, Çorum, Amasya | 318,230 TL |
| 11 | Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın | 315,335 TL |
| 12 | Kırıkkale, Aksaray, Niğde, Nevşehir, Kırşehir | 311,358 TL |
Median annual equivalised household disposable income per person (lira) (2025)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 6 of 26, highest first. Incomes refer to 2024
| Rank | Region | Median annual equivalised household disposable income per person (lira) |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 302,611 TL |
| 4 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 300,159 TL |
| 5 | İzmir | 279,583 TL |
| 6 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 268,571 TL |
| 7 | Balıkesir, Çanakkale | 262,333 TL |
| 8 | Antalya, Isparta, Burdur | 259,714 TL |
| 9 | Aydın, Denizli, Muğla | 256,840 TL |
Median equivalised income adjusted for regional price levels (lira at national prices) (2025)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 5 of 26, highest first. Median income (2025 survey) divided by the 2024 regional price level index; computed
| Rank | Region | Median equivalised income adjusted for regional price levels (lira at national prices) |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 292,752 TL |
| 3 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 290,503 TL |
| 4 | İstanbul | 279,184 TL |
| 5 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 261,753 TL |
| 6 | İzmir | 253,991 TL |
| 7 | Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın | 252,447 TL |
| 8 | Kastamonu, Çankırı, Sinop | 249,372 TL |
Regional price level index for household consumption (Türkiye = 100) (2024)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 8 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Regional price level index for household consumption (Türkiye = 100) |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | Antalya, Isparta, Burdur | 104.4 |
| 6 | Ankara | 104.4 |
| 7 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 104.2 |
| 8 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 102.6 |
| 9 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 102.5 |
| 10 | Adana, Mersin | 102.3 |
| 11 | Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane | 101.8 |
Labour force participation rate of women aged 15+ (%) (2025)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 6 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Labour force participation rate of women aged 15+ (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane | 40.7% |
| 4 | İzmir | 40.3% |
| 5 | İstanbul | 39.7% |
| 6 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 39.6% |
| 7 | Aydın, Denizli, Muğla | 39.3% |
| 8 | Balıkesir, Çanakkale | 39.0% |
| 9 | Ankara | 38.0% |
Employment rate of women aged 15+ (%) (2025)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 7 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Employment rate of women aged 15+ (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | Balıkesir, Çanakkale | 35.7% |
| 5 | Aydın, Denizli, Muğla | 35.7% |
| 6 | İstanbul | 35.2% |
| 7 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 35.1% |
| 8 | İzmir | 34.4% |
| 9 | Samsun, Tokat, Çorum, Amasya | 34.0% |
| 10 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 33.6% |
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force) (2025)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 16 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Long-term unemployment (% of labour force) |
|---|---|---|
| 13 | Erzurum, Erzincan, Bayburt | 1.6% |
| 14 | Samsun, Tokat, Çorum, Amasya | 1.5% |
| 15 | Ağrı, Kars, Iğdır, Ardahan | 1.5% |
| 16 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 1.4% |
| 17 | Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat | 1.4% |
| 18 | Kastamonu, Çankırı, Sinop | 1.4% |
| 19 | İstanbul | 1.3% |
Unemployment rate, women (2025)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 11 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Unemployment rate, women |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | Adana, Mersin | 12.5% |
| 9 | Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl, Tunceli | 12.5% |
| 10 | Ankara | 11.8% |
| 11 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 11.7% |
| 12 | İstanbul | 11.6% |
| 13 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 11.5% |
| 14 | Konya, Karaman | 10.9% |
Employment rate, women aged 20-64 (2025)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 10 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Employment rate, women aged 20-64 |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | Samsun, Tokat, Çorum, Amasya | 42.5% |
| 8 | Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak | 41.8% |
| 9 | İstanbul | 41.7% |
| 10 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 41.7% |
| 11 | Ankara | 41.1% |
| 12 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 40.4% |
| 13 | Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın | 40.0% |
Passenger cars per 1,000 people (2024)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 18 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Passenger cars per 1,000 people |
|---|---|---|
| 15 | Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Osmaniye | 169 |
| 16 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 168 |
| 17 | Kastamonu, Çankırı, Sinop | 168 |
| 18 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 164 |
| 19 | Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane | 141 |
| 20 | Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl, Tunceli | 136 |
| 21 | Gaziantep, Adıyaman, Kilis | 130 |
Nights spent in tourist accommodation (2025)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 7 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Nights spent in tourist accommodation |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | İzmir | 8.4 million |
| 5 | Ankara | 6.2 million |
| 6 | Balıkesir, Çanakkale | 5.3 million |
| 7 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 5.2 million |
| 8 | Kırıkkale, Aksaray, Niğde, Nevşehir, Kırşehir | 4.8 million |
| 9 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 4.3 million |
| 10 | Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane | 4.2 million |
Share of output from industry (manufacturing, mining and energy) (2024)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 2 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Share of output from industry (manufacturing, mining and energy) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 42.6% |
| 2 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 41.5% |
| 3 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 38.6% |
| 4 | Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak | 34.2% |
| 5 | Gaziantep, Adıyaman, Kilis | 31.6% |
| 6 | Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın | 29.8% |
| 7 | İzmir | 27.5% |
Share of output from finance, property and business services (2024)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 24 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Share of output from finance, property and business services |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak | 12.8% |
| 21 | Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Osmaniye | 12.8% |
| 22 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 12.8% |
| 23 | Adana, Mersin | 12.7% |
| 24 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 12.1% |
| 25 | Gaziantep, Adıyaman, Kilis | 11.7% |
| 26 | Mardin, Batman, Şırnak, Siirt | 10.6% |
Share of output from public administration, education, health and other services (2024)
Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova ranks 25 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Share of output from public administration, education, health and other services |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | Adana, Mersin | 14.5% |
| 21 | Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak | 14.5% |
| 22 | İzmir | 12.6% |
| 23 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 11.9% |
| 24 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 11.7% |
| 25 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 10.2% |
| 26 | İstanbul | 8.6% |
More on Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova: overview · health · education and schools · poverty and living standards · Türkiye
Sources
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset nama_10r_2gdp: GDP per person (purchasing power standards), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 c21f724d14a6…)
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