Economy, jobs and prices in Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik, Türkiye: official figures
GDP per person was 27,600 purchasing power standards (PPS) in 2024, 69% of the EU average; 7th highest of 26 regions in Türkiye. PPS adjust for price differences between countries.
How big is the economy of Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik?
The regional economy produced €64.3 billion of output (GDP at market prices) in 2024, 5.1% of Türkiye's GDP.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is the unemployment rate in Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik?
The unemployment rate (age 15 to 74) was 8.6% in 2025, against 8.4% for Türkiye and 6.0% across the EU; 10th highest of 26 regions in Türkiye.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is youth unemployment in Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik?
Youth unemployment (age 15 to 24) was 16.9% in 2025, against 15.4% for Türkiye; 6th highest of 26 regions in Türkiye.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow much does Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik spend on research and development?
Spending on research and development came to 1.38% of GDP in 2024 (1.46% nationally).
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is the average income in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region?
In TÜİK's 2025 Income and Living Conditions Survey, mean annual equivalised household disposable income in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region (TR41) was 365,324 lira per person (incomes earned in 2024), 10% above the national figure of 332,882 lira and 6th highest of 26 NUTS2 regions.
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copyWhat is the median income in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region?
The median equivalised income in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region was 300,159 lira per person in the 2025 survey, 24% above the national figure (241,151 lira); half of residents lived on less than this. That was 4th highest of 26 regions.
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copyHow expensive is the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region compared with the rest of Turkey?
Adjusted for regional prices (TÜİK price level index 102.5 in 2024, Türkiye = 100), the median income in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region is worth about 292,752 lira at national prices, 2nd highest of 26 regions on purchasing power.
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copyIs the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region expensive to live in?
TÜİK's 2024 regional purchasing power parities put the overall price level in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region (TR41) at 102.5 (Türkiye = 100), making it 9th most expensive of 26 regions for household spending.
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copyHow many women work in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region?
In 2025, 37.8% of women aged 15 and over in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region (TR41) were in the labour force, compared with 72.3% of men and a national female rate of 36.2%; this ranked 10th highest of 26 regions.
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copyHow many people in Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik are long-term unemployed?
Long-term unemployment (people out of work for a year or more) stood at 1.3% of the labour force in 2025, against 1.5% for Türkiye as a whole and 1.9% across the EU; 7th lowest of 26 statistical regions in Türkiye. In 2015 it was 1.2%.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is the unemployment rate for women in Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik?
Unemployment among women was 11.5% in 2025, against 11.4% for Türkiye as a whole and 6.2% across the EU; 13th highest of 26 statistical regions in Türkiye. In 2015 it was 10.3%.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow many women in Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik are in work?
40.4% of women aged 20 to 64 were in work in 2025, against 39.1% for Türkiye as a whole and 71.3% across the EU; 12th highest of 26 statistical regions in Türkiye. In 2015 it was 32.2%.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow many cars are there in Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik?
Residents of Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik owned 209 cars per 1,000 people in 2024, against 189 for Türkiye as a whole; 6th highest of 26 statistical regions in Türkiye. In 2014 it was 138.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow many tourists visit Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik?
Visitors spent 4.3 million nights in tourist accommodation in 2025, 17% of them by visitors from abroad.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is the main industry in Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik?
The largest part of the economy of Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik in 2024 was industry (manufacturing, mining and energy), at 38.6% of gross value added, followed by trade, transport, hospitality and communications (25.6%).
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow industrial is Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik?
Factories, mines and energy produced 38.6% of the value added in Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik in 2024, against 22.2% for Türkiye.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow fast is the economy of Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik growing?
Gross value added rose from €38.2 billion in 2015 to €57.1 billion in 2024 in current prices, an increase of 50% before inflation.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyMore figures
- Mean equivalised income in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region rose 67.2% between the 2024 and 2025 surveys, from 218,550 lira to 365,324 lira, against a national rise of 77.3% in a period of high inflation. Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copy
- Relative to the national average, mean income in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region went from 115% of the Turkish level in the 2014 survey to 110% in 2025, a fall over 11 years. Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copy
- Food and non-alcoholic drinks cost 103.8 in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region on TÜİK's 2024 index (Türkiye = 100), transport 101.4 and restaurants and hotels 97.9. Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copy
- The employment rate of women in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region was 33.6% in 2025, 10th highest of 26 regions; about 589 thousand women were employed and 1.09 million were outside the labour force. Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copy
- Female labour force participation in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region changed from 30.8% in 2020 to 37.8% in 2025, a change of +7.0 points. Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copy
- The gap between men's and women's labour force participation in the Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik region was 34.5 percentage points in 2025; the national gap was 35.1 points. Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) · saved copy
How Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik compares with other statistical regions
Mean annual equivalised household disposable income per person (lira) (2025)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 6 of 26, highest first. TÜİK Income and Living Conditions Survey 2025; incomes refer to 2024
| Rank | Region | Mean annual equivalised household disposable income per person (lira) |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | İzmir | 405,896 TL |
| 4 | Antalya, Isparta, Burdur | 389,485 TL |
| 5 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 385,188 TL |
| 6 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 365,324 TL |
| 7 | Balıkesir, Çanakkale | 350,333 TL |
| 8 | Aydın, Denizli, Muğla | 347,745 TL |
| 9 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 332,409 TL |
Median annual equivalised household disposable income per person (lira) (2025)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 4 of 26, highest first. Incomes refer to 2024
| Rank | Region | Median annual equivalised household disposable income per person (lira) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ankara | 315,193 TL |
| 2 | İstanbul | 314,390 TL |
| 3 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 302,611 TL |
| 4 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 300,159 TL |
| 5 | İzmir | 279,583 TL |
| 6 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 268,571 TL |
| 7 | Balıkesir, Çanakkale | 262,333 TL |
Median equivalised income adjusted for regional price levels (lira at national prices) (2025)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 2 of 26, highest first. Median income (2025 survey) divided by the 2024 regional price level index; computed
| Rank | Region | Median equivalised income adjusted for regional price levels (lira at national prices) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ankara | 301,860 TL |
| 2 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 292,752 TL |
| 3 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 290,503 TL |
| 4 | İstanbul | 279,184 TL |
| 5 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 261,753 TL |
| 6 | İzmir | 253,991 TL |
| 7 | Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın | 252,447 TL |
Regional price level index for household consumption (Türkiye = 100) (2024)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 9 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Regional price level index for household consumption (Türkiye = 100) |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | Ankara | 104.4 |
| 7 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 104.2 |
| 8 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 102.6 |
| 9 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 102.5 |
| 10 | Adana, Mersin | 102.3 |
| 11 | Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane | 101.8 |
| 12 | Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın | 100.8 |
Labour force participation rate of women aged 15+ (%) (2025)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 10 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Labour force participation rate of women aged 15+ (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | Aydın, Denizli, Muğla | 39.3% |
| 8 | Balıkesir, Çanakkale | 39.0% |
| 9 | Ankara | 38.0% |
| 10 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 37.8% |
| 11 | Samsun, Tokat, Çorum, Amasya | 37.6% |
| 12 | Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın | 37.5% |
| 13 | Adana, Mersin | 36.0% |
Employment rate of women aged 15+ (%) (2025)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 10 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Employment rate of women aged 15+ (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 35.1% |
| 8 | İzmir | 34.4% |
| 9 | Samsun, Tokat, Çorum, Amasya | 34.0% |
| 10 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 33.6% |
| 11 | Ankara | 33.5% |
| 12 | Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak | 32.8% |
| 13 | Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın | 32.1% |
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force) (2025)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 20 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Long-term unemployment (% of labour force) |
|---|---|---|
| 17 | Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat | 1.4% |
| 18 | Kastamonu, Çankırı, Sinop | 1.4% |
| 19 | İstanbul | 1.3% |
| 20 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 1.3% |
| 21 | Aydın, Denizli, Muğla | 1.1% |
| 22 | Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak | 1.1% |
| 23 | Konya, Karaman | 1.1% |
Unemployment rate, women (2025)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 13 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Unemployment rate, women |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | Ankara | 11.8% |
| 11 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 11.7% |
| 12 | İstanbul | 11.6% |
| 13 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 11.5% |
| 14 | Konya, Karaman | 10.9% |
| 15 | Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat | 10.6% |
| 16 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 10.6% |
Employment rate, women aged 20-64 (2025)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 12 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Employment rate, women aged 20-64 |
|---|---|---|
| 9 | İstanbul | 41.7% |
| 10 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 41.7% |
| 11 | Ankara | 41.1% |
| 12 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 40.4% |
| 13 | Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın | 40.0% |
| 14 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 39.5% |
| 15 | Adana, Mersin | 39.1% |
Passenger cars per 1,000 people (2024)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 6 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Passenger cars per 1,000 people |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | İstanbul | 243 |
| 4 | İzmir | 226 |
| 5 | Aydın, Denizli, Muğla | 222 |
| 6 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 209 |
| 7 | Balıkesir, Çanakkale | 206 |
| 8 | Konya, Karaman | 187 |
| 9 | Adana, Mersin | 186 |
Nights spent in tourist accommodation (2025)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 9 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Nights spent in tourist accommodation |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | Balıkesir, Çanakkale | 5.3 million |
| 7 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 5.2 million |
| 8 | Kırıkkale, Aksaray, Niğde, Nevşehir, Kırşehir | 4.8 million |
| 9 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 4.3 million |
| 10 | Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane | 4.2 million |
| 11 | Adana, Mersin | 4.1 million |
| 12 | Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak | 3.4 million |
Share of output from industry (manufacturing, mining and energy) (2024)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 3 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Share of output from industry (manufacturing, mining and energy) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 42.6% |
| 2 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 41.5% |
| 3 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 38.6% |
| 4 | Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak | 34.2% |
| 5 | Gaziantep, Adıyaman, Kilis | 31.6% |
| 6 | Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın | 29.8% |
| 7 | İzmir | 27.5% |
Share of output from finance, property and business services (2024)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 16 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Share of output from finance, property and business services |
|---|---|---|
| 13 | Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat | 15.5% |
| 14 | Van, Muş, Bitlis, Hakkari | 15.2% |
| 15 | Balıkesir, Çanakkale | 14.9% |
| 16 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 13.9% |
| 17 | Konya, Karaman | 13.7% |
| 18 | Kırıkkale, Aksaray, Niğde, Nevşehir, Kırşehir | 13.5% |
| 19 | Ağrı, Kars, Iğdır, Ardahan | 13.2% |
Share of output from public administration, education, health and other services (2024)
Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik ranks 24 of 26, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Share of output from public administration, education, health and other services |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | Adana, Mersin | 14.5% |
| 21 | Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak | 14.5% |
| 22 | İzmir | 12.6% |
| 23 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 11.9% |
| 24 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 11.7% |
| 25 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 10.2% |
| 26 | İstanbul | 8.6% |
More on Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik: overview · health · education and schools · poverty and living standards · Türkiye
Sources
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset nama_10r_2gdp: GDP per person (purchasing power standards), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 c21f724d14a6…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset nama_10r_2gdp: GDP per person (euros), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 537f99167955…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset nama_10r_2gdp: GDP (million euros), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 e3677c4e6d67…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset lfst_r_lfu3rt: Unemployment rate (age 15-74), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 13f5037ce93a…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset lfst_r_lfu3rt: Youth unemployment rate (age 15-24), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 83bb1aebc10b…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset lfst_r_lfe2emprt: Employment rate (age 20-64), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 03191283bf5f…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset rd_e_gerdreg: Research and development spending (% of GDP), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 36a9132b2284…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset lfst_r_lfe2emprt: Employment rates by sex, age and NUTS 2 region, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 51bfca80dc8b…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset lfst_r_lfu3rt: Unemployment rates by sex, age, educational attainment level and NUTS 2 region, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 ac151d8a46d5…)
- Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK): Income Distribution Statistics 2025: distribution of annual equivalised household disposable income by quintile, Türkiye and NUTS2 regions, 2014-2025, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 b49635410b76…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset tran_r_vehst: Stock of vehicles by category and NUTS 2 region, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 5adf37bcb393…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset lfst_r_lfu2ltu: Long-term unemployment (12 months and more) by NUTS 2 region, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 3d5d17a32863…)
- Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK): Annual and Regional Labour Force Statistics 2025: main labour force indicators by sex and NUTS2 region, 2020-2025, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 424645758599…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset tour_occ_nin2: Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 2 region, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 06f6a82909c0…)
- Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK): Regional Purchasing Power Parity 2024: regional price level indices by main consumption expenditure group, 26 NUTS2 regions (Türkiye = 100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 61c00aeab8aa…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset nama_10r_3gva: Gross value added at basic prices by NUTS 3 region and industry, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 c656e8563bdf…)
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