Morocco: environment

What are Morocco's CO2 emissions per person?

Morocco emitted 1.84 tonnes of carbon dioxide per person in 2024, down from 1.86 tonnes in 2023, according to World Bank data based on the EDGAR emissions database. The figure excludes land use, land-use change and forestry.

Per-person figures depend on population estimates as well as on emissions, and they cover carbon dioxide only, not other greenhouse gases such as methane. Morocco reports its full greenhouse gas inventory to the UN climate convention, and the Environment Department's climate page sets out its Nationally Determined Contribution and the National Climate Plan 2020-2030.

Official sources: World Bank: CO2 emissions per capita, Morocco · Environment Department: Climat

How much of Morocco's electricity comes from renewables?

Renewable sources produced 19.3% of Morocco's electricity in 2021, according to World Bank data, which runs to that year. Renewables made up 10.9% of total final energy consumption in 2021.

Output shares differ from capacity shares: wind and solar plants produce less electricity per megawatt installed than coal or gas plants, so the share of renewable capacity is higher than the share of generation. The Moroccan Agency for Sustainable Energy (Masen) lists its solar, wind and hydro projects, including several 850 MW wind projects under development.

Official sources: World Bank: Renewable electricity output, Morocco · Masen

What is the air quality like in Morocco?

People in Morocco were exposed to an average of 18.7 micrograms of fine particles (PM2.5) per cubic metre in 2023, according to World Bank data. The Ministry of Health and Social Protection's SDG 3 report estimates the death rate attributable to indoor and outdoor air pollution at 28 per 100,000 people in 2019, down from 40.3 in 2016.

The Environment Department runs a national air quality monitoring network and the National Air Programme for 2018-2030.

Official sources: World Bank: PM2.5 mean annual exposure, Morocco · Ministry of Health: Rapport national sur la mise en œuvre de l'ODD-3, 2024 (PDF) · Environment Department: Air

How short of water is Morocco?

Morocco withdrew 50.8% of its available renewable freshwater resources in 2022, according to World Bank data from the FAO AQUASTAT database. This is the SDG measure of water stress, which compares withdrawals for farming, industry and households with the water available after environmental needs.

Rainfall varies widely from year to year: Bank Al-Maghrib reports a 2026 cereal harvest estimated at 93 million quintals, against an average year of 50 million in its assumptions.

Official sources: World Bank: Level of water stress, Morocco · Bank Al-Maghrib: Board meeting press release, 22 September 2026

What are Morocco's climate change targets?

Morocco's climate commitments are set out in its Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement and in the National Climate Plan 2020-2030, both published on the Environment Department's climate page. Morocco ratified the UN climate convention in 1995, the Kyoto Protocol in 2002 and the Paris Agreement in 2016, and began revising its first contribution in 2020.

When comparing figures, check whether a target is measured against a base year or against a projected business-as-usual baseline, and whether it depends on international finance. Weather and climate data are published by the General Directorate of Meteorology.

Official sources: Environment Department: Climat · General Directorate of Meteorology

What is Morocco's carbon footprint per person?

In 2024, carbon dioxide emissions per person in Morocco was 1.8 tonnes, according to the European Commission's EDGAR database. The peak was 2.0 tonnes in 2019 and the low 1.5 tonnes in 2005. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan median: 3.6 tonnes; Morocco is 17th highest of 22. Of 186 countries with 2024 data, 106th highest.

How much greenhouse gas does Morocco emit?

In 2024, total greenhouse gas emissions in Morocco was 109 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, according to the European Commission's EDGAR database. The peak was 111 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2021 and the low 70.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2005. It is 11th highest of 22 in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan, where the median is 103 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Of 186 countries with 2024 data, 48th highest.

How much renewable energy does Morocco use?

The latest figure from the IEA, IRENA, the UN Statistics Division, the World Bank and the WHO, for 2021, is 10.9%. The peak was 20.0% in 2005 and the low 10.4% in 2017. Across Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan the middle value was 3.4%, and Morocco placed 6th highest of 22. Of 191 countries with 2021 data, 139th highest.

What share of Morocco is covered by forest?

According to the FAO, forest area as a share of land in Morocco was 12.8% in 2024. Its high point since 2005 was 2005, at 12.8%; its low point was 2015, at 12.7%. Across Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan the middle value was 1.6%, and Morocco placed 2nd highest of 22. Worldwide: 139th of 190.

What is air pollution like in Morocco?

18.7 micrograms per cubic metre: that is average exposure to fine particle air pollution (PM2.5) in Morocco for 2023, according to the Global Burden of Disease study. Since 2005 it has ranged from 17.2 micrograms per cubic metre (2019) to 21.3 micrograms per cubic metre (2017). Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan median: 40.3 micrograms per cubic metre; Morocco is 20th highest of 22. World rank, highest first: 92nd of 192.

How much of Morocco is in national parks and reserves?

2.1%: that is the share of land in protected areas in Morocco for 2025, according to the UN Environment Programme. It is the bottom of the series, which starts in 2013. Across Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan the middle value was 9.8%, and Morocco placed 17th highest of 22. World rank, highest first: 181st of 192.

What is water stress in Morocco?

The FAO puts water stress in Morocco at 50.8% in 2022. That is the lowest since at least 2005. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan median: 116.7%; Morocco is 20th highest of 21. Of 175 countries with 2022 data, 36th highest.