Economy, jobs and prices in Lombardy, Italy: official figures
GDP per person was 52,700 purchasing power standards (PPS) in 2024, 132% of the EU average; 2nd highest of 21 regions in Italy. PPS adjust for price differences between countries.
How big is the economy of Lombardy?
The regional economy produced €504.7 billion of output (GDP at market prices) in 2024, 22.9% of Italy's GDP.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is the unemployment rate in Lombardy?
The unemployment rate (age 15 to 74) was 3.0% in 2025, against 6.1% for Italy and 6.0% across the EU; 19th highest of 21 regions in Italy.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is youth unemployment in Lombardy?
Youth unemployment (age 15 to 24) was 10.9% in 2025, against 20.6% for Italy; 17th highest of 18 regions in Italy.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow much does Lombardy spend on research and development?
Spending on research and development came to 1.20% of GDP in 2024 (1.41% nationally).
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow much undeclared work is there in Lombardy?
Istat estimates that 7.7% of people in work in Lombardy were in irregular, undeclared jobs in 2022 (Italy 9.7%): 5th lowest of 21 regions and autonomous provinces.
Source: Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) · saved copyHow many workers in Lombardy are low paid?
6.9% of employees in Lombardy earned less than two-thirds of the median hourly wage in 2020 (Italy 10.1%), 4th lowest of 21 regions and autonomous provinces, up from 6.6% in 2015.
Source: Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) · saved copyWhat is the real unemployment rate in Lombardy?
The labour non-participation rate, which adds people available to work but not searching to the unemployed, was 5.9% in Lombardy in 2025 (Italy 12.6%), 3rd lowest of 21 regions and autonomous provinces, down from 11.3% in 2020.
Source: Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) · saved copyAre young graduates leaving Lombardy?
Lombardy had a net migration rate of +14.1 per 1,000 resident Italian graduates aged 25 to 39 in 2023 (Italy -6.2), counting moves to and from other regions and abroad: 2nd best of 21 regions and autonomous provinces.
Source: Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) · saved copyHow many part-time workers in Lombardy want a full-time job?
6.5% of people in work in Lombardy were in part-time jobs because they could not find full-time work in 2025 (Italy 7.7%), 5th lowest of 21 regions and autonomous provinces, down from 9.7% in 2020.
Source: Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) · saved copyHow many workers in Lombardy are stuck on temporary contracts?
14.5% of people on temporary contracts in Lombardy had been in fixed-term work for at least five years in 2025 (Italy 21.3%), up from 13.3% in 2020.
Source: Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) · saved copyAre graduates in Lombardy overqualified for their jobs?
18.3% of employed graduates aged 25 to 64 in Lombardy held jobs that did not need a degree in 2025 (Italy 20.9%), up from 17.6% in 2020.
Source: Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) · saved copyHow dangerous is work in Lombardy?
Workplace accidents causing death or permanent disability ran at 8.1 per 10,000 people in work in Lombardy in 2022 (Italy 11.0).
Source: Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) · saved copyHow many high-skilled jobs are there in Lombardy?
Knowledge workers, graduates in scientific and technical occupations, made up 19.3% of employment in Lombardy in 2025 (Italy 19.2%), up from 18.9% in 2020.
Source: Istat (Italian National Institute of Statistics) · saved copyHow many people in Lombardy are long-term unemployed?
Long-term unemployment (people out of work for a year or more) stood at 1.2% of the labour force in 2025, against 3.1% for Italy as a whole and 1.9% across the EU; the lowest of 18 regions in Italy. In 2015 it was 4.4%.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is the unemployment rate for women in Lombardy?
The unemployment rate for women in Lombardy was 3.4% in 2025, against 6.8% for Italy as a whole and 6.2% across the EU; 3rd lowest of 20 regions in Italy. In 2015 it was 8.7%.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow many women in Lombardy are in work?
66.9% of women aged 20 to 64 were in work in 2025, against 58.0% for Italy as a whole and 71.3% across the EU; 10th highest of 21 regions in Italy. In 2015 it was 61.2%.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyIs the economy of Lombardy growing?
In real terms the economy of Lombardy grew by 1.2% in 2024 (gross value added) (Italy: 0.7%); 2nd highest of 21 regions in Italy. In 2014 it was 0.6%.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow many cars are there in Lombardy?
There were 640 passenger cars per 1,000 people in 2024 (Italy: 701); 2nd lowest of 21 regions in Italy. In 2014 it was 591.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is the average salary in Lombardy?
Average compensation per employee (pay plus employer social contributions) was €28,591 in 2023, against €25,343 across Italy; 2nd highest of 21 regions in Italy.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow many tourists visit Lombardy?
Visitors spent 56.7 million nights in tourist accommodation in 2025, 68% of them by visitors from abroad.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat is the main industry in Lombardy?
The largest part of the economy of Lombardy in 2024 was finance, property and business services, at 34.5% of gross value added, followed by trade, transport, hospitality and communications (25.3%).
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow industrial is Lombardy?
Factories, mines and energy produced 21.3% of the value added in Lombardy in 2024, against 19.0% for Italy.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow fast is the economy of Lombardy growing?
Gross value added rose from €328.8 billion in 2015 to €451.1 billion in 2024 in current prices, an increase of 37% before inflation.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyWhat jobs do people do in Lombardy?
Of the 5,099,900 jobs located in Lombardy in 2024, 24% in public services, education, health and other services, 20% in industry and 1.2% in farming, forestry and fishing.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyAre jobs growing in Lombardy?
The number of people working in Lombardy rose by 11.0% between 2015 and 2024, to 5,099,900.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow Lombardy compares with other regions
Workers in irregular (undeclared) jobs (%) (2022)
Lombardy ranks 17 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Workers in irregular (undeclared) jobs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 14 | Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste | 8.0% |
| 15 | Tuscany | 8.0% |
| 16 | Provincia Autonoma di Trento | 7.9% |
| 17 | Lombardy | 7.7% |
| 18 | Emilia-Romagna | 7.5% |
| 19 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 7.2% |
| 20 | Veneto | 7.0% |
Employees with low hourly pay (%) (2020)
Lombardy ranks 18 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Employees with low hourly pay (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 15 | Marche | 8.3% |
| 16 | Veneto | 8.2% |
| 17 | Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste | 7.7% |
| 18 | Lombardy | 6.9% |
| 19 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 6.9% |
| 20 | Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen | 6.5% |
| 21 | Provincia Autonoma di Trento | 6.1% |
Labour non-participation rate, 15-74 (%) (2025)
Lombardy ranks 19 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Labour non-participation rate, 15-74 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 15 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 7.2% |
| 16 | Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste | 7.0% |
| 17 | Emilia-Romagna | 6.8% |
| 18 | Veneto | 6.6% |
| 19 | Lombardy | 5.9% |
| 20 | Provincia Autonoma di Trento | 5.1% |
| 21 | Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen | 3.5% |
Net migration of Italian graduates aged 25-39 (per 1,000 graduates) (2023)
Lombardy ranks 2 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Net migration of Italian graduates aged 25-39 (per 1,000 graduates) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Emilia-Romagna | +17.9 |
| 2 | Lombardy | +14.1 |
| 3 | Piedmont | +11.7 |
| 4 | Lazio | +4.9 |
| 5 | Provincia Autonoma di Trento | +1.8 |
| 6 | Tuscany | +0.3 |
| 7 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | -2.8 |
Involuntary part-time workers (%) (2025)
Lombardy ranks 17 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Involuntary part-time workers (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 14 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 7.1% |
| 15 | Piedmont | 6.9% |
| 16 | Provincia Autonoma di Trento | 6.6% |
| 17 | Lombardy | 6.5% |
| 18 | Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste | 6.4% |
| 19 | Emilia-Romagna | 5.9% |
| 20 | Veneto | 5.5% |
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force) (2025)
Lombardy ranks 18 of 18, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Long-term unemployment (% of labour force) |
|---|---|---|
| 12 | Marche | 2.0% |
| 13 | Liguria | 1.8% |
| 14 | Umbria | 1.8% |
| 15 | Tuscany | 1.7% |
| 16 | Emilia-Romagna | 1.4% |
| 17 | Veneto | 1.3% |
| 18 | Lombardy | 1.2% |
Unemployment rate, women (2025)
Lombardy ranks 18 of 20, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Unemployment rate, women |
|---|---|---|
| 14 | Tuscany | 5.0% |
| 15 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 4.9% |
| 16 | Liguria | 4.8% |
| 17 | Emilia-Romagna | 4.7% |
| 18 | Lombardy | 3.4% |
| 19 | Provincia Autonoma di Trento | 3.1% |
| 20 | Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen | 2.1% |
Employment rate, women aged 20-64 (2025)
Lombardy ranks 10 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Employment rate, women aged 20-64 |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | Umbria | 68.0% |
| 8 | Piedmont | 67.7% |
| 9 | Marche | 67.5% |
| 10 | Lombardy | 66.9% |
| 11 | Liguria | 66.6% |
| 12 | Veneto | 65.5% |
| 13 | Lazio | 60.5% |
Real growth in gross value added (2024)
Lombardy ranks 2 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Real growth in gross value added |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sicily | 1.8% |
| 2 | Lombardy | 1.2% |
| 3 | Lazio | 1.2% |
| 4 | Sardinia | 1.2% |
| 5 | Piedmont | 1.1% |
| 6 | Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste | 1.1% |
| 7 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 1.0% |
Passenger cars per 1,000 people (2024)
Lombardy ranks 20 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Passenger cars per 1,000 people |
|---|---|---|
| 15 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 695 |
| 16 | Emilia-Romagna | 691 |
| 17 | Veneto | 680 |
| 18 | Campania | 667 |
| 19 | Apulia | 649 |
| 20 | Lombardy | 640 |
| 21 | Liguria | 563 |
Compensation per employee (euros) (2023)
Lombardy ranks 2 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Compensation per employee (euros) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen | €31,475 |
| 2 | Lombardy | €28,591 |
| 3 | Lazio | €27,029 |
| 4 | Provincia Autonoma di Trento | €26,793 |
| 5 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | €26,330 |
| 6 | Emilia-Romagna | €26,329 |
| 7 | Piedmont | €25,990 |
Nights spent in tourist accommodation (2025)
Lombardy ranks 3 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Nights spent in tourist accommodation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Veneto | 74.2 million |
| 2 | Lazio | 61.5 million |
| 3 | Lombardy | 56.7 million |
| 4 | Tuscany | 55.5 million |
| 5 | Emilia-Romagna | 44.2 million |
| 6 | Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen | 38.2 million |
| 7 | Campania | 24.0 million |
Share of output from industry (manufacturing, mining and energy) (2024)
Lombardy ranks 7 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Share of output from industry (manufacturing, mining and energy) |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | Piedmont | 24.1% |
| 5 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 23.5% |
| 6 | Basilicata | 22.8% |
| 7 | Lombardy | 21.3% |
| 8 | Tuscany | 20.4% |
| 9 | Abruzzo | 19.7% |
| 10 | Umbria | 19.3% |
Share of output from finance, property and business services (2024)
Lombardy ranks 1 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Share of output from finance, property and business services |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lombardy | 34.5% |
| 2 | Lazio | 32.1% |
| 3 | Liguria | 30.7% |
| 4 | Piedmont | 29.8% |
| 5 | Tuscany | 29.5% |
| 6 | Provincia Autonoma di Trento | 28.3% |
| 7 | Emilia-Romagna | 28.3% |
Share of output from public administration, education, health and other services (2024)
Lombardy ranks 21 of 21, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Share of output from public administration, education, health and other services |
|---|---|---|
| 15 | Provincia Autonoma di Trento | 20.5% |
| 16 | Marche | 19.5% |
| 17 | Tuscany | 18.6% |
| 18 | Piedmont | 16.6% |
| 19 | Veneto | 15.1% |
| 20 | Emilia-Romagna | 14.9% |
| 21 | Lombardy | 12.7% |
More on Lombardy: overview · health · education and schools · poverty and living standards · government budget · government and politics · Italy
Sources
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