Mongolia: official statistics and sources
17 official bodies for Mongolia, from National Statistics Office of Mongolia to Mongolia Open Data portal, with key figures from the World Bank and IMF. Official language: Mongolian. Capital: Ulaanbaatar.
Who holds power in Mongolia
- Head of state: Khurelsukh Ukhnaa (President of Mongolia)
- Head of government: Uchral Nyam-Osor (Prime Minister of Mongolia)
- Foreign minister: Battsetseg Batmunkh (Minister for Foreign Affairs of Mongolia)
Source: UN Protocol and Liaison Service list, dated 15 October 2026. All world leaders.
Unitary semi-presidential republic. How local power works in Mongolia: 3 tiers of government below the nation, who is elected and who they answer to.
Part of level 6 of the 10 levels of power.
Government, regions and cities
- Government and power in Mongolia: leaders, governance scores, women in parliament, spending and the bodies that hold power to account
- All 22 capital cities: Ulaanbaatar, Khuvsgul, Bayan-Ulgii, Uvurkhangai, Orkhon…
- The 7 largest cities: Ulaanbaatar
Key figures
What the figures show
The World Bank puts Mongolia's population at 3.6 million in 2025, up from 3.0 million in 2015. Of the 30 UN members in the World Bank's East Asia and Pacific region, 16 have more people; worldwide it comes 130th.
GDP for 2025 was $25.4 billion at current dollar prices, according to the World Bank. That works out at $7,108 a head; the regional median is $6,547.
Real GDP grew by 6.8% in 2025, World Bank figures show. For 2026 the IMF expects 6.2%.
Across 2025 the annual rate was 8.6%. The IMF forecasts 11.0% for 2026.
The ILO's modelled unemployment rate for 2025 is 5.2%; the national statistics office may publish a different figure from its own survey.
The IMF records general government gross debt of 45.0% of GDP for 2025, compared with a median of 45.0% across the World Bank's East Asia and Pacific region; its 2026 projection is 44.1%.
Life expectancy at birth: 72.4 years (2024).
- Annual inflation since 2015: highest 15.2% (2022), lowest 0.7% (2016).
- Debt ratio 2015: 50.5%; 2025: 45.0%.
- GDP per person in dollars, 2015 to 2025: +85%.
Figures checked 2026-10-13; how they are compiled.
Official sources in Mongolia
Statistics office prices, jobs, people, output
- National Statistics Office of Mongolia (Үндэсний статистикийн хороо)
Mongolia's census, consumer price index, GDP, labour force and livestock statistics.
Central bank interest rates and money
- Bank of Mongolia (Монголбанк)
Monetary policy decisions, exchange rates, monetary statistics and financial stability reports.
Parliament debates, votes, bills
- State Great Khural (Улсын Их Хурал)
Laws, draft laws, session records and members of the State Great Khural.
Government
- Government of Mongolia (Монгол Улсын Засгийн газар)
Cabinet decisions, resolutions and government news. Not in English.
Laws and the official gazette the text of laws
- Unified Legal Information System (Эрх зүйн мэдээллийн нэгдсэн систем)
The official consolidated texts of Mongolian laws, resolutions and regulations. Not in English.
Courts judgments
- Supreme Court of Mongolia (Монгол Улсын Дээд шүүх)
Supreme Court decisions, interpretations of law and court news.
Public audit how public money was spent
- National Audit Office (Үндэсний аудитын газар)
Audit reports on the state budget, ministries and state-owned companies. Not in English.
Elections results and rules
- General Election Commission (Сонгуулийн ерөнхий хороо)
Election results, candidate registrations and election procedures. Not in English.
Regulators
- Financial Regulatory Commission (Санхүүгийн зохицуулах хороо)
Regulation and statistics for securities, insurance and non-bank financial institutions.
- Communications Regulatory Commission (Харилцаа холбооны зохицуулах хороо)
Telecoms and broadcasting licences, tariffs and spectrum decisions.
- Energy Regulatory Commission (Эрчим хүчний зохицуулах хороо)
Electricity and heating tariffs, licences and energy sector statistics. Not in English.
Ombudsman
- National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia (Хүний эрхийн Үндэсний Комисс)
Annual reports on human rights, complaints handling and recommendations.
Public registers companies, land, charities
- General Authority for State Registration (Улсын бүртгэлийн ерөнхий газар)
State registration of legal entities, immovable property and civil status, with online services for registry information. Not in English.
- Agency for Land Administration and Management, Geodesy and Cartography (Газар зохион байгуулалт, геодези, зураг зүйн ерөнхий газар)
Land administration, cadastral mapping, land-use plans and land-ownership statistics. Not in English.
- Independent Authority Against Corruption (Авлигатай тэмцэх газар)
Anti-corruption investigations, and the system for public officials' declarations of assets, income and conflicts of interest. Not in English.
Public contracts government tenders and awards
- Mongolian Government e-Procurement System (Төрийн худалдан авах ажиллагааны цахим систем)
Tender announcements, procurement plans and contract awards for Mongolian public bodies. Not in English.
Open data
- Mongolia Open Data portal
Government datasets released by state agencies. Not in English.
Notes
The Constitutional Court site (conscourt.gov.mn) returned HTTP 508 on 2026-10-13 and is not listed.
Freedom of information in Mongolia
| Law | Law on Public Information Transparency (revised edition) (2021) |
|---|---|
| Answered by | The public body holding the information (information holder), through its authorised official. |
| Time limit | Immediately for readily available information; otherwise within 5 working days, extendable by up to 10 working days (Articles 15.6-15.7). |
| Appeals to | The holder's superior body, or the courts; complaints may also go to the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia (Article 14.2). |
Adopted 17 December 2021 and in force from 1 May 2022, replacing the 2011 Law on Information Transparency and the Right to Information. Requesters need not explain the purpose of a request for open information (Article 14.1.2).
What Mongolia does not have
- No public register of lobbyists.
- No separate information commissioner; complaints go to the National Human Rights Commission, already listed.
Also: World Bank country data · IMF country page · UN Sustainable Development Goals country profile · IPU Parline parliament profile.
Mongolia by subject
- Economy GDP, growth, trade and investment
- Jobs and pay unemployment, jobs and work
- Cost of living inflation, poverty and inequality
- Public finances debt, deficit, tax and spending
- Health and care life expectancy, doctors and spending
- Housing homes, cities, water and power
- Crime and justice murder rate, courts and crime
- Immigration migrants, refugees and remittances
- Education schools, universities and literacy
- Environment emissions, air, forests and water
Power in Mongolia, from local government up to the G20
The global bodies above national governments, and the levels of power inside Mongolia. How the ten levels work.
Level 3: Local councils
- Cities of Mongolia the largest cities, with their figures
- Local government in Mongolia how councils, regions and municipalities work
Level 5: Devolved and state governments
- Regions of Mongolia 22 regions, states or provinces
Level 6: National government
- Mongolia: national government this page
- Government and power in Mongolia who leads, the parliament and the courts
- World leaders every country's head of state and government
Level 10: G7, G20, Davos and global forums
Common questions
What is the population of Mongolia?
3.6 million (2025, World Bank). National figures: National Statistics Office of Mongolia.
What is the inflation rate in Mongolia?
8.6% (2025, World Bank). Official index: National Statistics Office of Mongolia.
What is Mongolia's GDP?
$25.4 billion (2025, World Bank).
How much government debt does Mongolia have?
45.0% of GDP (2025, International Monetary Fund).
Who publishes official statistics in Mongolia?
National Statistics Office of Mongolia (Үндэсний статистикийн хороо): https://www.nso.mn/mn
Is there a freedom of information law in Mongolia?
Law on Public Information Transparency (revised edition) (2021). Time limit: Immediately for readily available information; otherwise within 5 working days, extendable by up to 10 working days (Articles 15.6-15.7).. Appeals: The holder's superior body, or the courts; complaints may also go to the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia (Article 14.2)..
What is the central bank of Mongolia?
Bank of Mongolia (Монголбанк): https://www.mongolbank.mn/mn/
Link moved? Tell us.