Government and power in Mongolia
Who leads Mongolia, how the World Bank's governance indicators score it, how many women sit in parliament and government, what the state spends and taxes, and the official bodies that hold power to account. System of government: Unitary semi-presidential republic.
Who leads Mongolia?
- Head of state: Khurelsukh Ukhnaa (President of Mongolia)
- Head of government: Uchral Nyam-Osor (Prime Minister of Mongolia)
- Foreign minister: Battsetseg Batmunkh (Minister for Foreign Affairs of Mongolia)
Source: Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs: Public List (United Nations Protocol and Liaison Service), list dated 15 October 2026. All world leaders.
Governance scores
The World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators combine surveys of households and firms with assessments by public, private and non-governmental bodies. Each score runs from 0 to 100; higher means the sources rate governance better. They measure perceptions, and each has a margin of error.
- Voice and accountability
- Measures how far citizens can choose their government, and freedom of expression, association and the media.
- Political stability and absence of violence
- Measures the likelihood of political instability or politically motivated violence, including terrorism.
- Government effectiveness
- Measures the quality of public services and the civil service, and how independent they are from political pressure.
- Regulatory quality
- Measures the government's ability to make and carry out policies that let the private sector develop.
- Rule of law
- Measures confidence in and respect for the rules of society, including contract enforcement, property rights, the police and the courts.
- Control of corruption
- Measures how far public power is used for private gain, including petty and grand corruption and "capture" of the state by elites.
How does Mongolia score on voice and accountability?
Voice and accountability: 62 out of 100 in 2025, 80th highest of 193 UN member states with a score (regional median 65.7). Ten years earlier, in 2015, it was 62.7.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow does Mongolia score on political stability?
Political stability and absence of violence: 75.5 out of 100 in 2025, 64th highest of 193 UN member states with a score (regional median 81.7). Ten years earlier, in 2015, it was 78.7.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow does Mongolia score on government effectiveness?
Government effectiveness: 48.1 out of 100 in 2025, 115th highest of 193 UN member states with a score (regional median 54.5). Ten years earlier, in 2015, it was 47.4.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow does Mongolia score on regulatory quality?
Regulatory quality: 54.6 out of 100 in 2025, 87th highest of 193 UN member states with a score (regional median 53.6). Ten years earlier, in 2015, it was 49.4.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow does Mongolia score on the rule of law?
Rule of law: 56.7 out of 100 in 2025, 90th highest of 193 UN member states with a score (regional median 65.5). Ten years earlier, in 2015, it was 55.1.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow does Mongolia score on control of corruption?
Control of corruption: 39 out of 100 in 2025, 115th highest of 193 UN member states with a score (regional median 54). Ten years earlier, in 2015, it was 36.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow many women are in Mongolia's parliament?
Women held 25.4% of seats in the national parliament (single or lower chamber) in 2025, 96th highest of 184 countries with data. Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union, via the World Bank.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow many of Mongolia's ministers are women?
Women held 12.5% of ministerial posts in 2025, 144th highest of 190.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow much does the government of Mongolia spend?
Central government spending (expense) was 31.7% of GDP in 2021.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow much tax does the government of Mongolia collect?
Central government tax revenue was 16.9% of GDP in 2024, 54th highest of 92.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow much does Mongolia spend on the military?
Military spending was 0.9% of GDP in 2025, 117th highest of 149 (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via the World Bank).
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow big are the armed forces of Mongolia?
Armed forces personnel numbered 18,000 in 2020.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow good are Mongolia's official statistics?
The World Bank's Statistical Performance Indicator, which scores how well a country's official statistics system works, was 83.7 out of 100 in 2024, 47th highest of 187.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow many births are registered in Mongolia?
99.6% of births of children under 5 were registered with a civil authority (2018).
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow many people in Mongolia use the internet?
85.1% of people used the internet in 2024.
Source: World Bank · saved copyOfficial bodies that hold power in Mongolia
Government
- Government of MongoliaCabinet decisions, resolutions and government news.
Parliament
- State Great KhuralLaws, draft laws, session records and members of the State Great Khural.
Elections
- General Election CommissionElection results, candidate registrations and election procedures.
Courts
- Supreme Court of MongoliaSupreme Court decisions, interpretations of law and court news.
Public audit
- National Audit OfficeAudit reports on the state budget, ministries and state-owned companies.
Ombudsman
- National Human Rights Commission of MongoliaAnnual reports on human rights, complaints handling and recommendations.
Asset declarations
- Independent Authority Against CorruptionAnti-corruption investigations, and the system for public officials' declarations of assets, income and conflicts of interest.
Public contracts
- Mongolian Government e-Procurement SystemTender announcements, procurement plans and contract awards for Mongolian public bodies.
Laws and the official gazette
- Unified Legal Information SystemThe official consolidated texts of Mongolian laws, resolutions and regulations.
Government below the national level
- Provinces (21 aimags) and the capital city (Ulaanbaatar): Citizens' representative khural elected every four years; governor nominated by the khural and appointed by the Prime Minister
- Soums (about 330) and Ulaanbaatar districts (9 duuregs): Khural elected; governor nominated by the khural and appointed by the aimag or capital governor
- Baghs (about 1,560) and khoroos (about 150 at last OECD–UCLG count): Citizens' public khural (general meeting of residents) nominates the governor, who is appointed by the soum or district governor
How local power works in Mongolia
Places in Mongolia
Sources
- World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Voice and accountability (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 70f2804fd1e2…)
- World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Political stability and absence of violence (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 1317de0c85e1…)
- World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Government effectiveness (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a775e808dc65…)
- World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Regulatory quality (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 83b57e36ff8c…)
- World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Rule of law (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 0bccc3c054e8…)
- World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Control of corruption (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 3b15a5340cdd…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Seats held by women in national parliament (SG.GEN.PARL.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 1ae1dc13981a…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Women in ministerial positions (SG.GEN.MNST.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a4e448a5b8bd…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Central government spending (GC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 808094019f50…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Tax revenue (GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 08c94b750f31…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Military spending (MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a7f6913a783b…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Armed forces personnel (MS.MIL.TOTL.P1), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 fa4663c743ba…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Statistical Performance Indicator (overall score) (IQ.SPI.OVRL), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 08ac7cde9129…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Births registered (SP.REG.BRTH.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 f8d443034ba7…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: People using the internet (IT.NET.USER.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 0d78dc658329…)
Each saved copy is the file exactly as downloaded, kept so the figures can be checked even if the source changes. Report an error.