Mongolia: immigration

What is the population of Mongolia?

Mongolia's mid-year population was 3,572,835 in 2025, according to the NSO mid-year population table. 1,785,075 people, half of the total, lived in Ulaanbaatar. In 2024 the population was 3,534,503.

Mid-year population is the average of the population on 1 January and at the end of the year. The NSO notes that the figures were updated using the 2025 Population and Housing Intercensal Survey. Populations of each aimag are in the same table.

Official sources: NSO: Mid-year total population, by aimags and the Capital

How many Mongolians seek asylum abroad?

There were 2,403 refugees and 3,679 asylum seekers from Mongolia at the end of 2025, according to UNHCR population data. In Mongolia itself UNHCR recorded 11 refugees and 15 asylum seekers, according to its data by country of asylum.

Refugees are people whose claim has been recognised; asylum seekers are still waiting for a decision. UNHCR compiles the counts from host governments. Visas and residence permits for foreigners in Mongolia are handled by the Immigration Agency of Mongolia.

Official sources: UNHCR population API: Mongolia as country of origin, 2025 · UNHCR population API: Mongolia as country of asylum, 2025 · Immigration Agency of Mongolia

How many immigrants live in Mongolia?

The UN Population Division puts the share of people born abroad in Mongolia at 0.6% in 2024. In 2015 the figure was 0.7%. Across East Asia & Pacific the middle value was 2.1%, and Mongolia placed 20th highest of 30. Worldwide: 166th of 193.

What is net migration in Mongolia?

The UN Population Division puts net migration in Mongolia at 79 in 2025. The peak was 8,660 in 2019 and the low -17,277 in 2008. East Asia & Pacific median: -373; Mongolia is 9th highest of 30. World rank, highest first: 71st of 193.

How many refugees live in Mongolia?

11: that is the number of refugees in the country in Mongolia for 2025, according to UNHCR. The peak was 12 in 2010 and the low 0 in 2011. Across East Asia & Pacific the middle value was 631, and Mongolia placed 14th highest of 18. Of 169 countries with 2025 data, 154th highest.

How many refugees come from Mongolia?

In 2025, the number of refugees from the country living abroad in Mongolia was 2,403, according to UNHCR. Since 2005 it has ranged from 655 (2005) to 2,508 (2021). East Asia & Pacific median: 73; Mongolia is 8th highest of 29. Worldwide: 88th of 189.

How much money do migrants send home to Mongolia?

The World Bank puts personal remittances received in Mongolia at 2.2% of GDP in 2025. The peak was 7.0% of GDP in 2005 and the low 2.0% of GDP in 2013. Across East Asia & Pacific the middle value was 2.2% of GDP, and Mongolia placed 8th highest of 15. World rank, highest first: 61st of 127.