Indonesia data questions answered
The 15 questions people search most about Indonesia's official figures, each answered from the body that publishes them, with a link to check the latest number yourself.
What is the population of Indonesia?
Indonesia had 285,721,236 people in 2025, up from 283,487,931 in 2024, according to the World Bank's World Development Indicators, updated on 8 October 2026.
The national source is Statistics Indonesia (BPS), which publishes mid-year population projections based on the 2020 population census, and the Ministry of Home Affairs' civil registry (Dukcapil), which counts registered residents. The three totals use different methods, so they do not match exactly. The BPS website blocks automated reading, so its latest projection is not quoted here.
What is Indonesia's GDP and how fast is it growing?
Indonesia's GDP was Rp23,821 trillion at current prices in 2025, according to the national accounts tables in Bank Indonesia's Indonesian Financial Statistics (SEKI), which republish BPS figures. In real terms (constant 2010 prices) GDP grew about 5.1% in 2025, and about 5.3% in April to June 2026 compared with a year earlier, calculated from SEKI's GDP by expenditure at constant prices.
Statistics Indonesia (BPS) publishes quarterly GDP about five weeks after each quarter ends, quoting year-on-year growth as the headline. SEKI marks the latest quarter as very preliminary, so it can be revised. Growth calculated from rounded levels can differ by 0.01 to 0.02 points from the BPS headline.
What is Indonesia's GDP per capita?
Indonesia's GDP per person was US$5,060 in 2025, up from US$4,925 in 2024, according to the World Bank's World Development Indicators. The IMF's World Economic Outlook database gives US$5,078 for 2025.
Both convert rupiah GDP into dollars at market exchange rates, so a weaker rupiah lowers the dollar figure even when output in rupiah grows; the two organisations use slightly different population and exchange-rate inputs. Statistics Indonesia (BPS) publishes GDP per capita in rupiah each February with the annual GDP release. For comparing living standards across countries, figures at purchasing power parity are more suitable than market-rate dollars.
What is the inflation rate in Indonesia?
Consumer prices in Indonesia were 3.19% higher in August 2026 than a year earlier, up from 2.88% in July, according to the inflation data that Bank Indonesia republishes from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) on its inflation data page. The rate was 4.76% in February 2026 and 3.34% in June.
BPS publishes the consumer price index on the first working day of each month for the previous month, with core, administered-price and volatile-food components. Bank Indonesia's page is updated after the BPS release, so the most recent month can appear there with a delay; on 13 October 2026 it did not yet show September. Month-to-month and year-to-date rates are published alongside the annual rate.
What is the Bank Indonesia interest rate?
The BI-Rate is 5.75%, held at Bank Indonesia's Board of Governors meeting on 23 September 2026, according to Bank Indonesia's BI-Rate page. Bank Indonesia raised the rate from 4.75% to 5.25% on 20 May 2026, to 5.50% on 9 June and to 5.75% on 18 June, and has kept it there since.
The BI-Rate is the central bank's policy rate (formerly named the BI 7-Day Reverse Repo Rate), and it sits within a corridor between the deposit facility and lending facility rates. Commercial bank deposit and loan rates respond to it with a lag. The Board of Governors usually meets monthly, and each decision is announced in a press release linked from the same page.
What is the rupiah to dollar exchange rate?
The JISDOR reference rate was Rp17,930 per US dollar on 13 October 2026, against Rp17,899 the day before, according to Bank Indonesia's JISDOR page. A higher number means a weaker rupiah.
JISDOR (Jakarta Interbank Spot Dollar Rate) is calculated by Bank Indonesia from interbank dollar-rupiah transactions and published each business day; it is used as a reference in contracts and government transactions. The rupiah floats, so market rates change throughout the day, and banks and money changers set their own buying and selling rates. Bank Indonesia also publishes daily transaction rates for other currencies on its exchange-rate pages.
How much debt does Indonesia's government have?
Indonesia's general government gross debt was 40.9% of GDP in 2025, according to the IMF's World Economic Outlook database, read on 13 October 2026; the IMF projects 41.7% for 2026.
Indonesia's State Finances Law caps central government debt at 60% of GDP and the annual deficit at 3% of GDP. The Ministry of Finance reports central government debt in rupiah each month in its APBN KiTa publication, covering government securities and loans; that figure differs from the IMF's general government measure. Part of the debt is owed to foreign lenders, which Bank Indonesia records in its external debt statistics.
How much foreign debt does Indonesia have, and who holds it?
Indonesia's external debt was US$453.4 billion at the end of June 2026, up from US$433.9 billion at the end of 2025, according to Bank Indonesia's external debt table in its Indonesian Financial Statistics. Of the total, US$258.8 billion was owed by the government and Bank Indonesia, including US$216.3 billion by the central government, and US$194.6 billion by the private sector.
External debt is money owed to non-residents, including government bonds held by foreign investors, whatever the currency. Of the public external debt, US$62.6 billion was official development assistance loans from foreign governments and multilateral lenders. Bank Indonesia publishes the figures quarterly; the latest quarter is marked very preliminary and may be revised.
What is the poverty rate in Indonesia?
About 3.7% of Indonesians lived on less than US$3.00 a day in 2025 (at 2021 purchasing power parity), down from 5.4% in 2024, according to the World Bank's World Development Indicators, updated on 8 October 2026.
This is the World Bank's international extreme poverty line. Indonesia's official poverty rate is calculated by Statistics Indonesia (BPS) from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) using a national poverty line in rupiah, based on the cost of basic food and non-food needs; it is published twice a year, for March and September, and gives a different figure. The BPS website blocks automated reading, so its latest rate is not quoted here. The World Bank also publishes higher international lines for middle-income countries.
What is the unemployment rate in Indonesia?
Indonesia's unemployment rate was 4.9% in 2025, the same as in 2024, according to the IMF's World Economic Outlook database, read on 13 October 2026. The IMF projects 4.7% for 2026.
The national figure, the open unemployment rate (tingkat pengangguran terbuka), comes from Statistics Indonesia's National Labour Force Survey (Sakernas), held in February and August each year, with results published in May and November. It counts people without work who are looking for a job or preparing a business. People in informal work count as employed, so underemployment and informal employment figures are useful companions. The BPS website blocks automated reading, so its latest rate is not quoted here.
What is the life expectancy in Indonesia?
Life expectancy at birth in Indonesia was 71.3 years in 2024, up from 71.1 years in 2023, according to the World Bank's World Development Indicators, updated on 8 October 2026.
Statistics Indonesia (BPS) publishes its own annual estimate of life expectancy (angka harapan hidup) by province and sex, as part of the Human Development Index, using a different method, so the two figures differ. Life expectancy is a period measure based on current death rates, not a forecast for people born this year. The BPS website blocks automated reading, so its figure is not quoted here.
What is the birth rate in Indonesia?
Indonesia's total fertility rate was 2.12 children per woman in 2024, down from 2.13 in 2023, according to the World Bank's World Development Indicators, updated on 8 October 2026.
The total fertility rate estimates how many children a woman would have at current age-specific birth rates; about 2.1 is the level at which a population replaces itself without migration, so Indonesia is close to that level. National estimates come from Statistics Indonesia's census and surveys, and the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN) runs family planning programmes. Rates differ widely between provinces.
How many Indonesians work abroad?
About 4.28 million Indonesian migrant workers were abroad at the end of June 2026, up from 4.15 million at the end of 2025, according to Bank Indonesia's table of Indonesian migrant workers by host country in its Indonesian Financial Statistics. Malaysia hosted the most (1.81 million), followed by Saudi Arabia (856,000), Taiwan (607,000) and Hong Kong (555,000).
Bank Indonesia estimates these stocks to calculate workers' remittances in the balance of payments, and publishes them quarterly alongside remittance flows by country. They are estimates of the number abroad at a point in time, so they differ from official placement counts, which record new departures during a year.
How many tourists visit Indonesia?
Indonesia received 15.39 million international visitors in 2025, up from 13.89 million in 2024, according to Bank Indonesia's table of inbound travellers by port of entry, which republishes Statistics Indonesia (BPS) data. In April to June 2026 there were 4.02 million arrivals.
The count covers foreign visitors entering through all border points, including land crossings, and counts trips, not people, so a visitor who enters twice is counted twice. About 12.76 million of the 2025 arrivals came through the 19 main entry points that BPS reports separately. BPS publishes arrival figures monthly, by nationality and entry point.
What is the minimum wage in Indonesia?
Indonesia does not have one national minimum wage. Each province sets a provincial minimum wage (UMP) by governor's decree, and regencies and cities can set higher local rates (UMK), using a formula in national regulations from the Ministry of Manpower. The 2026 rates could not be read on an official page on 13 October 2026, so no figure is quoted here.
The UMP and UMK are monthly amounts for workers with less than a year of service, and new rates usually take effect on 1 January after being announced in the last weeks of the previous year. The everyday term 'UMR' refers to these regional minimums. The rates are published in each provincial government's decree, and they differ widely between provinces. Statistics Indonesia (BPS) publishes average wages from its labour force survey.
Source guides
- Statistics Indonesia (BPS)
- Bank Indonesia
- Indonesian legislation databases (JDIH BPK and JDIH Setneg) and the Central Information Commission
Questions were chosen from the searches people make most about this country's figures, and each answer was written from the official page it links to, read on 14 October 2026. These answers give no verdict on any claim. To report an error, send a correction request.