Indonesia: public finances

What is Indonesia's budget deficit?

Indonesia's state budget deficit was Rp319.0 trillion, or 1.24% of GDP, from January to September 2026, according to the Finance Ministry's APBN KiTa briefing of 9 October 2026. At the end of August it was 0.9% of GDP.

The ministry says the primary balance, which leaves out interest payments, was positive. Revenue was Rp2,341.5 trillion and spending Rp2,660.5 trillion over the nine months. Indonesian law caps the annual budget deficit at 3% of GDP.

Official sources: Ministry of Finance (DJSEF): APBN KiTa, October 2026

How much revenue does Indonesia's government collect?

Indonesia's state revenue reached Rp2,341.5 trillion from January to September 2026, 74.2% of the annual target and 25.5% more than a year earlier, according to the Finance Ministry's APBN KiTa briefing.

State revenue includes taxes, customs and excise and non-tax revenue such as natural resource income. The share of target achieved implies an annual target of about Rp3,156 trillion. Over the same nine months spending was Rp2,660.5 trillion, leaving a deficit of 1.24% of GDP.

Official sources: Ministry of Finance (DJSEF): APBN KiTa, October 2026

How much does Indonesia's government spend?

Indonesian state spending reached Rp2,660.5 trillion from January to September 2026, 69.2% of the annual ceiling and 19.0% more than a year earlier, according to the Finance Ministry's APBN KiTa briefing.

State spending covers central government spending and transfers to regions and village funds. Bank Indonesia's GDP release notes that government consumption in the second quarter was raised by the 13th-month salary and the Free Nutritious Meals programme. The gap between spending and revenue, Rp319.0 trillion, is the deficit.

Official sources: Ministry of Finance (DJSEF): APBN KiTa, October 2026 · Bank Indonesia: Indonesia's economy in Q2 2026

What is in Indonesia's 2027 budget?

Indonesia's 2027 budget bill sets state revenue at Rp3,435.1 trillion and spending at Rp4,106.2 trillion, with a deficit of 2.4% of GDP, as agreed by the government and Parliament's budget committee on 24 September 2026, according to the Ministry of Finance.

The primary balance is set at Rp20.8 trillion and financing at Rp671.1 trillion. The bill was sent to a plenary session of Parliament on 29 September 2026 for final approval. Figures can change during the year through budget revisions.

Official sources: Ministry of Finance (DJSEF): 2027 budget bill agreed

What economic assumptions underlie Indonesia's 2027 budget?

Indonesia's 2027 budget assumes economic growth of 6.0%, inflation of 2.5% and an exchange rate of Rp17,500 per US dollar, according to the Ministry of Finance. The 10-year government bond yield is assumed at 6.9% and the Indonesian crude oil price at US$75 a barrel.

Oil lifting is set at 612,500 barrels a day and gas lifting at 954,000 barrels of oil equivalent a day. These assumptions drive revenue and spending estimates: oil prices and the exchange rate, for example, affect both natural resource revenue and energy subsidy costs.

Official sources: Ministry of Finance (DJSEF): 2027 budget bill agreed

What is Indonesia's national debt?

According to the IMF, general government gross debt in Indonesia was 40.9% of GDP in 2025. Its high point since 2005 was 2005, at 42.6% of GDP; its low point was 2012, at 23.0% of GDP. East Asia & Pacific median: 45.0% of GDP; Indonesia is 16th highest of 29. Of 185 countries with 2025 data, 125th highest.

What is Indonesia's fiscal deficit?

The IMF puts general government net lending or borrowing in Indonesia at -2.9% of GDP in 2025, a deficit. Its high point since 2005 was 2005, at 0.5% of GDP; its low point was 2020, at -6.1% of GDP. It is 19th highest of 29 in East Asia & Pacific, where the median is -1.7% of GDP. Of 188 countries with 2025 data, 99th highest.

What is Indonesia's government revenue?

According to the IMF, general government revenue in Indonesia was 13.3% of GDP in 2025. Since 2005 it has ranged from 12.4% of GDP (2020) to 19.4% of GDP (2008). East Asia & Pacific median: 33.6% of GDP; Indonesia is 29th highest of 29. Of 187 countries with 2025 data, 173rd highest.

What is Indonesia's government spending?

The IMF puts general government spending in Indonesia at 16.2% of GDP in 2025. That is the lowest since at least 2005. Across East Asia & Pacific the middle value was 32.9% of GDP, and Indonesia placed 27th highest of 29. World rank, highest first: 171st of 186.

How much does Indonesia spend on its military?

The latest figure from SIPRI, for 2025, is 1.0% of GDP. That is the highest since at least 2005. East Asia & Pacific median: 1.4% of GDP; Indonesia is 12th highest of 16. Of 149 countries with 2025 data, 106th highest.