12 answers, 5 from Indonesia's own official bodies, with a link to each figure.
Indonesia's gross enrolment ratio was 100.4% in primary school and 97.2% in secondary school in 2025, according to the World Bank's primary and secondary enrolment indicators, based on UNESCO data.
Gross enrolment compares all pupils at a level, of any age, with the population of the official age for that level, so it can exceed 100% when older or younger pupils are included. It does not show attendance or learning. The secondary figure was 98.8% in 2024.
Indonesia's gross enrolment ratio in tertiary education was 44.9% in 2023, according to the World Bank's tertiary enrolment indicator, based on UNESCO data. It was 42.3% in 2022 and 40.6% in 2021.
The ratio compares all students in universities, polytechnics and other tertiary institutions with the population in the five-year age group after secondary school. Some students are older, so the ratio is not the share of young people who study. Tertiary education is overseen by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology.
Indonesia's lower secondary completion rate was 99.7% in 2025, according to the World Bank's completion rate indicator, based on UNESCO data. It was 101.7% in 2024 and 97.7% in 2023.
The indicator divides the number of new entrants to the last grade of lower secondary school by the population at the entry age for that grade, so it can exceed 100% when pupils who are older than usual are included. Lower secondary school (SMP) covers grades 7 to 9 and is part of compulsory education.
96.0% of Indonesians aged 15 and over could read and write in 2020, according to the World Bank's adult literacy indicator, based on UNESCO data. The rate was 95.7% in 2018.
Literacy here means being able to read and write a short simple statement about everyday life, usually as reported in household surveys. It does not measure reading comprehension at school level, which international tests such as the OECD's PISA assess.
Indonesian primary schools had 17.0 pupils per teacher in 2018, according to the World Bank's pupil-teacher ratio indicator, based on UNESCO data. The ratio was 16.1 in 2017 and 14.0 in 2016.
The ratio divides the number of pupils by the number of teachers, so it is not the same as class size, which is usually larger. The latest value in the series is from 2018. More recent counts of schools, teachers and pupils are published in the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education's basic data (Dapodik).
The figures below use one definition for every country, so they can differ from national figures.
According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, net primary school enrolment in Indonesia was 93.5% in 2018. The peak was 94.2% in 2010 and the low 88.9% in 2005. East Asia & Pacific median: 93.1%; Indonesia is 4th highest of 9. Worldwide: 31st of 69.
In 2025, gross secondary school enrolment in Indonesia was 97.2%, according to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Its high point since 2005 was 2024, at 98.8%; its low point was 2005, at 61.6%.
The latest figure from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, for 2023, is 44.9%. That is the highest since at least 2005. East Asia & Pacific median: 44.2%; Indonesia is 10th highest of 21. World rank, highest first: 72nd of 120.
The latest figure from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, for 2020, is 96.0%. No year since 2006 has been higher. It is 7th highest of 10 in East Asia & Pacific, where the median is 96.9%. World rank, highest first: 15th of 41.
In 2023, government spending on education in Indonesia was 1.3% of GDP, according to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Since 2005 it has ranged from 0.9% of GDP (2022) to 3.6% of GDP (2015). It is 18th highest of 20 in East Asia & Pacific, where the median is 3.8% of GDP. Of 112 countries with 2023 data, 106th highest.
The UNESCO Institute for Statistics puts the number of primary pupils per teacher in Indonesia at 17 in 2018. Its high point since 2005 was 2008, at 21; its low point was 2016, at 14. It is 9th highest of 13 in East Asia & Pacific, where the median is 20. Worldwide: 56th of 85.
100.0%: that is the primary completion rate in Indonesia for 2023, according to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Its high point since 2005 was 2014, at 109.5%; its low point was 2006, at 95.7%. Across East Asia & Pacific the middle value was 98.3%, and Indonesia placed 10th highest of 23. Of 131 countries with 2023 data, 33rd highest.
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