How much do social benefits reduce poverty in Espirito Santo?

Without government social benefits such as Bolsa Familia and the BPC, 23.5% of people in Espirito Santo would have been below the US$6.85 poverty line in 2024 and 5.8% below the US$2.15 extreme poverty line, against 18.6% and 1.7% with them (IBGE simulation removing benefit income).

Poverty and living standards in Espirito Santo, Brazil: official figures

18.6% of people in Espirito Santo lived on household income below the World Bank poverty line of US$6.85 a day (PPP 2017) in 2024, about 762,000 people; 11th lowest of the 26 states and the Federal District (Brazil: 23.1%).

People below the poverty line (US$6.85 PPP a day)

18.6%

2024

People in extreme poverty (US$2.15 PPP a day)

1.7%

2024

Gini index of household income per person

0.480

2024

Is poverty falling in Espirito Santo?

The poverty rate in Espirito Santo was 27.9% in 2019 and 29.9% in 2012, so the 2024 figure of 18.6% is down 9.3 percentage points on 2019 (Brazil: 32.6% in 2019, 23.1% in 2024).

Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) · saved copy

How many people live in extreme poverty in Espirito Santo?

1.7% of people in Espirito Santo were in extreme poverty in 2024, living on less than US$2.15 a day (PPP 2017), about R$218 a month per person; 8th lowest of the 26 states and the Federal District (Brazil: 3.5%).

Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) · saved copy

How many people in Espirito Santo live on less than a quarter of the minimum wage?

5.2% of people in Espirito Santo lived in households with income of up to a quarter of the minimum wage per person (R$353 a month) in 2024, and a further 14.6% on between a quarter and half (R$704); the first share is 11th lowest of the 26 states and the Federal District (Brazil: 7.9%).

Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) · saved copy

How unequal is income in Espirito Santo?

The Gini index of household income per person in Espirito Santo was 0.480 in 2024 (0 means everyone has the same income, 1 that one person has all of it), 12th least unequal of the 26 states and the Federal District; Brazil's was 0.504. In 2019 Espirito Santo's index was 0.518.

Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) · saved copy

How much income do the richest 10% get in Espirito Santo?

The richest 10% of people in Espirito Santo received 38.4% of all household income in 2024 and the poorest 40% received 13.2%, a Palma ratio of 2.91 (Brazil: 3.31).

Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) · saved copy

More figures

Counting only income from work, pensions and other non-benefit sources, the Gini index in Espirito Santo would have been 0.509 in 2024 instead of 0.480 (Brazil: 0.542 instead of 0.504). Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) · saved copy

How Espirito Santo compares with other states

People below the US$6.85 a day poverty line (%) (2024)

Espirito Santo ranks 17 of 27, highest first. Household income per person below US$6.85 a day at 2017 purchasing power parity; PNAD Continua.

Rank	Region	People below the US$6.85 a day poverty line (%)
14	Rio Grande do Norte	33.5%
15	Tocantins	23.9%
16	Rondonia	20.5%
17	Espirito Santo	18.6%
18	Rio de Janeiro	17.9%
19	Mato Grosso do Sul	17.5%
20	Minas Gerais	16.8%

Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) · saved copy

People in extreme poverty, below US$2.15 a day (%) (2024)

Espirito Santo ranks 20 of 27, highest first.

Rank	Region	People in extreme poverty, below US$2.15 a day (%)
17	Sao Paulo	2.2%
18	Minas Gerais	2.2%
19	Parana	1.8%
20	Espirito Santo	1.7%
21	Distrito Federal	1.7%
22	Rondonia	1.7%
23	Mato Grosso	1.6%

Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) · saved copy

Poverty rate without government social benefits (%) (2024)

Espirito Santo ranks 17 of 27, highest first. IBGE simulation removing income from social programmes such as Bolsa Familia and BPC.

Rank	Region	Poverty rate without government social benefits (%)
14	Rio Grande do Norte	40.4%
15	Tocantins	31.6%
16	Rondonia	26.4%
17	Espirito Santo	23.5%
18	Mato Grosso do Sul	23.2%
19	Rio de Janeiro	22.5%
20	Minas Gerais	21.9%

Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) · saved copy

Gini index of household income per person (2024)

Espirito Santo ranks 16 of 27, highest first. 0 = complete equality, 1 = complete inequality.

Rank	Region	Gini index of household income per person
13	Sao Paulo	0.489
14	Maranhao	0.487
15	Ceara	0.487
16	Espirito Santo	0.480
17	Bahia	0.477
18	Tocantins	0.477
19	Amazonas	0.474

Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) · saved copy

People living on up to 1/4 minimum wage per person (%) (2024)

Espirito Santo ranks 17 of 27, highest first.

Rank	Region	People living on up to 1/4 minimum wage per person (%)
14	Amapa	10.2%
15	Tocantins	8.6%
16	Rio de Janeiro	6.3%
17	Espirito Santo	5.2%
18	Minas Gerais	4.9%
19	Rondonia	4.8%
20	Distrito Federal	4.7%

Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) · saved copy

More on Espirito Santo: overview · economy and jobs · health · education and schools · government budget · Brazil

Sources

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE): Sintese de Indicadores Sociais 2025, chapter 2 tables (income distribution and poverty): Tables 2.1, 2.11, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.18, 2.20, 2.22, 2.23 (PNAD Continua 2024), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 e2084f0fca81…)

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