Uzbekistan: public finances

How much debt does Uzbekistan have?

Uzbekistan's general government gross debt was 28.6% of GDP in 2025 and is projected at 27.6% in 2026, according to the IMF's World Economic Outlook. The figure was 30.9% in 2024.

The Ministry of Economy and Finance publishes state debt figures in soums and dollars on its state debt page, but the figures there could not be read as text on 15 October 2026. Most of Uzbekistan's public debt is owed to foreign lenders, so its value in soums changes with the exchange rate. The Central Bank publishes external debt of the whole economy, including private companies.

Official sources: IMF DataMapper: General government gross debt, Uzbekistan · Ministry of Economy and Finance: State debt · Central Bank: Balance of payments review, H1 2026

What is Uzbekistan's budget deficit?

Uzbekistan's general government deficit was 1.6% of GDP in 2025, according to the IMF's World Economic Outlook, which projects 1.2% for 2026. The deficit was 2.1% of GDP in 2024.

The IMF measure is net lending or borrowing of general government, which covers the state budget, state trust funds and other government units. The national budget law sets its own deficit ceiling, which can be measured differently. The Ministry of Economy and Finance publishes the budget and its execution, and the Open Budget portal presents budget figures for citizens.

Official sources: IMF DataMapper: General government net lending/borrowing, Uzbekistan · Ministry of Economy and Finance · Open Budget portal

How much does Uzbekistan's government spend on education?

Government spending on education in Uzbekistan was 84.2 trillion soums in 2025, more than double the 39.6 trillion soums of 2021, according to the National Statistics Committee. Spending was 50.3 trillion in 2022, 61.2 trillion in 2023 and 71.2 trillion in 2024.

The amounts are in current prices, so part of the increase reflects inflation rather than more real resources. Education is one of the largest items in the state budget, alongside health, social protection and investment.

Official sources: National Statistics Committee: Government expenditure on education

What is Uzbekistan's debt to GDP ratio?

The IMF puts general government gross debt in Uzbekistan at 28.6% of GDP in 2025. Since 2005 it has ranged from 5.4% of GDP (2014) to 31.9% of GDP (2020). It is 41st highest of 51 in Europe & Central Asia, where the median is 46.9% of GDP. World rank, highest first: 160th of 185.

Does Uzbekistan's government borrow more than it raises?

The latest figure from the IMF, for 2025, is -1.6% of GDP, a deficit. The peak was 5.4% of GDP in 2008 and the low -3.9% of GDP in 2021. Europe & Central Asia median: -2.4% of GDP; Uzbekistan is 18th highest of 51. Worldwide: 63rd of 188.

How much revenue does Uzbekistan's government raise?

In 2025, general government revenue in Uzbekistan was 25.7% of GDP, according to the IMF. The peak was 29.2% of GDP in 2008 and the low 20.9% of GDP in 2017. Europe & Central Asia median: 41.3% of GDP; Uzbekistan is 45th highest of 50. World rank, highest first: 102nd of 187.

What is Uzbekistan's government spending?

27.4% of GDP: that is general government spending in Uzbekistan for 2025, according to the IMF. Since 2005 it has ranged from 19.9% of GDP (2017) to 30.0% of GDP (2022). Europe & Central Asia median: 43.3% of GDP; Uzbekistan is 46th highest of 50. Worldwide: 109th of 186.

What is tax revenue in Uzbekistan?

In 2023, central government tax revenue in Uzbekistan was 11.0% of GDP, according to the IMF. Its high point since 2011 was 2021, at 12.7% of GDP; its low point was 2017, at 10.0% of GDP. Europe & Central Asia median: 19.6% of GDP; Uzbekistan is 44th highest of 47. Worldwide: 94th of 110.

What is Uzbekistan's military budget as a share of GDP?

2.5% of GDP: that is military spending in Uzbekistan for 2018, according to SIPRI. In 2003 the figure was 0.4% of GDP. It is 8th highest of 47 in Europe & Central Asia, where the median is 1.4% of GDP. Worldwide: 28th of 155.