Government budget and revenue in Montana, United States: official figures
Montana's state government took in $10.8 billion in fiscal year 2024, $9,489 per resident, 25th highest of 50 states per person (all states: $9,318 per person). The total includes taxes, federal funds, charges and pension-fund investment income.
How much does the Montana state government spend?
The Montana state government spent $9.0 billion in fiscal year 2024, or $7,942 per resident, 10th lowest of 50 states (all states: $9,444). Spending was 13.1% higher than in fiscal year 2019 ($8.0 billion), before adjusting for inflation.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow much debt does the Montana state government have?
Montana state government debt outstanding was $2.8 billion at the end of fiscal year 2024, $2,423 per resident, 17th lowest of 50 states (all states: $3,248). That equals 26% of one year's general revenue; in fiscal year 2019 the debt was $2.7 billion.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow much federal funding does Montana get?
The federal government provided $4.7 billion to the Montana state government in fiscal year 2024, $4,095 per resident and 43.8% of its general revenue, 5th highest share of 50 states (all states: 34.2%).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyWhat are federal funds to Montana spent on?
Public welfare programmes, mainly Medicaid, accounted for $2.1 billion or 46% of Montana's federal funds in fiscal year 2024, and education for $503.7 million (11%).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyWhat does the Montana state government spend its money on?
Direct state spending on public welfare was $2,551 per resident in fiscal year 2024, 20th lowest of 50 states (all states: $3,000); higher education took $1,125 per resident and highways $820.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow much does Montana give to local governments and schools?
16.3% of Montana's state general spending in fiscal year 2024 ($1.4 billion) was paid to other governments, mostly local governments and school districts, 4th lowest share of 50 states (all states: 27.7%).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow much tax does Montana collect?
Montana collected $4.8 billion in state taxes in fiscal year 2025, $4,225 per resident, 25th highest of 50 states (all states: $4,503). That was 2.5% more than in fiscal year 2024 ($4.7 billion); across all states collections rose 4.3%.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyWhat taxes does Montana rely on?
The individual income tax raised $2.3 billion (47.7% of state taxes, 3rd highest share of 50 states) in fiscal year 2025. There were no general sales tax collections. The largest single tax was the individual income tax (47.7%), followed by the property tax (9.5%).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyDoes Montana have corporate, property or severance taxes?
In fiscal year 2025, in Montana, corporate net income tax raised $321.7 million (6.7% of state taxes); state property tax raised $459.1 million; severance tax on oil, gas, coal and minerals raised $233.5 million (4.8% of state taxes).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow much money does the Montana state government hold in reserves?
The Montana state government held $17.8 billion in cash and securities at the end of fiscal year 2024, $15,636 per resident, of which $16.6 billion was in insurance trust funds such as public employee pension systems.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · saved copyHow Montana compares with other states
State government revenue per person (2024)
Montana ranks 25 of 50, highest first. All revenue of the state government, including insurance trust income, divided by 1 July population
| Rank | Region | State government revenue per person |
|---|---|---|
| 22 | Pennsylvania | $9,655 |
| 23 | Maryland | $9,628 |
| 24 | Virginia | $9,559 |
| 25 | Montana | $9,489 |
| 26 | Mississippi | $9,375 |
| 27 | Arkansas | $9,353 |
| 28 | Washington | $9,320 |
State government spending per person (2024)
Montana ranks 41 of 50, highest first. Total expenditure of the state government divided by 1 July population
| Rank | Region | State government spending per person |
|---|---|---|
| 38 | North Carolina | $8,097 |
| 39 | Nebraska | $8,090 |
| 40 | Colorado | $8,007 |
| 41 | Montana | $7,942 |
| 42 | South Dakota | $7,895 |
| 43 | New Hampshire | $7,601 |
| 44 | Missouri | $7,584 |
State government debt per person (2024)
Montana ranks 34 of 50, highest first. Debt outstanding at the end of the fiscal year divided by 1 July population
| Rank | Region | State government debt per person |
|---|---|---|
| 31 | Iowa | $2,494 |
| 32 | Oklahoma | $2,477 |
| 33 | Michigan | $2,477 |
| 34 | Montana | $2,423 |
| 35 | Kansas | $2,416 |
| 36 | Texas | $2,237 |
| 37 | Kentucky | $2,199 |
Federal funds received by the state government per person (2024)
Montana ranks 11 of 50, highest first. Intergovernmental revenue from the federal government
| Rank | Region | Federal funds received by the state government per person |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | West Virginia | $4,251 |
| 9 | Oregon | $4,117 |
| 10 | Rhode Island | $4,105 |
| 11 | Montana | $4,095 |
| 12 | Mississippi | $3,862 |
| 13 | Delaware | $3,757 |
| 14 | Arizona | $3,646 |
Federal funds as a share of state general revenue (2024)
Montana ranks 5 of 50, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Federal funds as a share of state general revenue |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Alaska | 48.8% |
| 3 | Arizona | 45.3% |
| 4 | Kentucky | 44.3% |
| 5 | Montana | 43.8% |
| 6 | Missouri | 43.2% |
| 7 | Mississippi | 42.0% |
| 8 | South Dakota | 41.6% |
State tax collections per person (2025)
Montana ranks 25 of 50, highest first.
| Rank | Region | State tax collections per person |
|---|---|---|
| 22 | Wyoming | $4,363 |
| 23 | Pennsylvania | $4,330 |
| 24 | Wisconsin | $4,236 |
| 25 | Montana | $4,225 |
| 26 | Arkansas | $4,032 |
| 27 | Michigan | $4,029 |
| 28 | Utah | $3,994 |
Individual income tax as a share of state taxes (2025)
Montana ranks 3 of 50, highest first.
| Rank | Region | Individual income tax as a share of state taxes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Oregon | 63.7% |
| 2 | Massachusetts | 53.0% |
| 3 | Montana | 47.7% |
| 4 | Virginia | 47.3% |
| 5 | Georgia | 47.3% |
| 6 | California | 46.8% |
| 7 | New York | 46.6% |
General sales tax as a share of state taxes (2025)
Montana ranks 48 of 50, highest first.
| Rank | Region | General sales tax as a share of state taxes |
|---|---|---|
| 44 | New York | 15.5% |
| 45 | Vermont | 11.9% |
| 46 | Oregon | 6.9% |
| 47 | New Hampshire | 0.0% |
| 48 | Montana | 0.0% |
| 49 | Delaware | 0.0% |
| 50 | Alaska | 0.0% |
State spending on public welfare per person (2024)
Montana ranks 31 of 50, highest first. Direct general expenditure on public welfare, mainly Medicaid
| Rank | Region | State spending on public welfare per person |
|---|---|---|
| 28 | Wisconsin | $2,730 |
| 29 | Virginia | $2,685 |
| 30 | North Dakota | $2,638 |
| 31 | Montana | $2,551 |
| 32 | Missouri | $2,510 |
| 33 | Nebraska | $2,478 |
| 34 | Washington | $2,475 |
More on Montana: overview · economy and jobs · health · education and schools · poverty and living standards · the United States
Sources
- U.S. Census Bureau: Annual Survey of State Government Finances: State Government Finances, U.S. and States, 2012-2024 (table GS00STATEFIN01, amounts in thousands of dollars), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 72ff59b48414…)
- U.S. Census Bureau: Annual Survey of State Government Tax Collections: historical database, fiscal years to 2025 (thousands of dollars), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 bdf560cd3d8f…)
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