Mozambique: environment

What are Mozambique's CO2 emissions per person?

Mozambique emitted 0.29 tonnes of carbon dioxide per person in 2024, excluding land use and forestry, according to the World Bank, down from 0.32 tonnes in 2023.

The figure covers CO2 from fuel use and industry. The series excludes emissions from land use and forestry, such as deforestation, and other greenhouse gases such as methane. Mozambique's full greenhouse gas inventory is reported to the UN climate convention by the government.

Official sources: World Bank: CO2 emissions per capita, Mozambique

How much of Mozambique's electricity is renewable?

Renewable sources produced 82.7% of Mozambique's electricity in 2021, according to the World Bank, the latest year in the series, and 83.2% in 2020.

The share is of electricity generated in Mozambique, including any that is exported. The national utility Electricidade de Moçambique runs the grid. Only 36.9% of people had access to electricity in 2024.

Official sources: World Bank: Renewable electricity output, Mozambique (API) · World Bank: Access to electricity, Mozambique · Electricidade de Moçambique

How much of Mozambique is forest?

Forests covered 41.3% of Mozambique's land area in 2024, down from 41.7% in 2023, according to the World Bank, using UN Food and Agriculture Organization data.

The share fell by about 0.3 percentage points between 2023 and 2024. The figures are estimates based on national forest inventories and satellite data reported to the FAO.

Official sources: World Bank: Forest area, Mozambique (API)

How bad is air pollution in Mozambique?

The average Mozambican was exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at 13.7 micrograms per cubic metre in 2023, according to the World Bank, down from 16.0 in 2022.

The figure is a population-weighted annual estimate from satellite data and models, as there is little ground monitoring. It measures outdoor air and does not capture indoor smoke from cooking fuels.

Official sources: World Bank: PM2.5 exposure, Mozambique (API)

Who issues cyclone warnings in Mozambique?

Cyclone and weather warnings in Mozambique are issued by the National Institute of Meteorology (INAM), and disaster preparedness and response are coordinated by the National Institute for Disaster Risk Management and Reduction (INGD).

Banco de Moçambique's September 2026 communiqué names climate shocks among the main risks to inflation and growth. The disaster institute's site returned an access error to automated checks on 15 October 2026, so its current bulletins could not be read for this answer.

Official sources: INAM · INGD · Banco de Moçambique: Monetary policy communiqué No. 5/2026 (PDF)

What is Mozambique's carbon footprint per person?

The European Commission's EDGAR database puts carbon dioxide emissions per person in Mozambique at 0.3 tonnes in 2024. The peak was 0.3 tonnes in 2022 and the low 0.1 tonnes in 2005. Sub-Saharan Africa median: 0.4 tonnes; Mozambique is 30th highest of 47. Worldwide: 163rd of 186.

What are Mozambique's total greenhouse gas emissions?

The European Commission's EDGAR database puts total greenhouse gas emissions in Mozambique at 33.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2024. Since 2005 it has ranged from 13.7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (2009) to 35.7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (2022). Across Sub-Saharan Africa the middle value was 24.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, and Mozambique placed 20th highest of 47. Of 186 countries with 2024 data, 103rd highest.

How much of Mozambique's energy is renewable?

The latest figure from the IEA, IRENA, the UN Statistics Division, the World Bank and the WHO, for 2021, is 76.9%. No year since 2005 has been lower. Across Sub-Saharan Africa the middle value was 71.1%, and Mozambique placed 19th highest of 48. Worldwide: 21st of 191.

What is Mozambique's forest cover?

In 2024, forest area as a share of land in Mozambique was 41.3%, according to the FAO. That is the lowest since at least 2005. It is 14th highest of 48 in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the median is 22.2%. Of 190 countries with 2024 data, 67th highest.

What is PM2.5 air pollution in Mozambique?

In 2023, average exposure to fine particle air pollution (PM2.5) in Mozambique was 13.7 micrograms per cubic metre, according to the Global Burden of Disease study. Since 2005 it has ranged from 13.0 micrograms per cubic metre (2020) to 18.2 micrograms per cubic metre (2010). Sub-Saharan Africa median: 27.5 micrograms per cubic metre; Mozambique is 44th highest of 48. Worldwide: 128th of 192.

How much of Mozambique is in national parks and reserves?

The UN Environment Programme puts the share of land in protected areas in Mozambique at 29.5% in 2025. No year since 2013 has been higher. Across Sub-Saharan Africa the middle value was 16.9%, and Mozambique placed 10th highest of 48. Of 192 countries with 2025 data, 36th highest.

How much of Mozambique's fresh water is used?

1.8%: that is water stress in Mozambique for 2022, according to the FAO. It is the top of the series, which starts in 2005. It is 34th highest of 47 in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the median is 5.1%. Of 175 countries with 2022 data, 151st highest.