Mexico data questions answered
The 15 questions people search most about Mexico's official figures, each answered from the body that publishes them, with a link to check the latest number yourself.
What is the population of Mexico?
Mexico had 130.9 million residents in 2025, according to INEGI's final results of the 2025 Intercensal Survey, published on 22 September 2026. The survey also counted 39.7 million inhabited dwellings, an average of 3.3 people per dwelling.
The Encuesta Intercensal is a large sample survey run between full censuses, not a full count. Its fieldwork ran from 6 October to 14 November 2025. The last full census was in 2020, and results for both are on INEGI's Intercensal Survey 2025 page and 2020 census page. Population projections from the National Population Council (CONAPO) use different methods, so their totals for a given year can differ from INEGI's.
What are the income tax rates in Mexico?
For 2026, Mexico's annual income tax (ISR) tariff for individuals runs from 1.92% on the first 10,135.11 pesos to 35% on annual income above 5,107,703.93 pesos, in 11 bands, according to Annex 8 of the 2026 Miscellaneous Tax Resolution in the Diario Oficial de la Federación (28 December 2025). Companies pay ISR at 30% of taxable profit under article 9 of the Income Tax Law.
Each band adds a fixed amount plus a rate on the excess over its lower limit, so the effective rate is always below the band rate. The same annex sets the monthly, weekly and other withholding tables employers apply under article 96 of the law. The tax administration (SAT) applies these tables; corrections to the annexes are also published in the DOF.
What is the inflation rate in Mexico?
Consumer prices in Mexico rose 3.45% in the year to September 2026, and 0.42% in the month, according to INEGI's national consumer price index (INPC) release of 8 October 2026. Core inflation was 3.75% and non-core inflation 2.45%. In September 2025 the annual rate was 3.76%.
The INPC is published twice a month, for each fortnight and for the whole month. Core inflation, in INEGI's words, excludes goods and services with high volatility or whose prices do not respond to market conditions. Twelve-month rates compare the index with the same month a year earlier. The next monthly figure is due on 9 November 2026. Series are on INEGI's INPC page.
What is the minimum wage in Mexico?
Mexico's general minimum wage is 315.04 pesos a day from 1 January 2026, and 440.87 pesos a day in the Northern Border Free Zone, according to the resolution of the National Minimum Wage Commission (CONASAMI) published in the Diario Oficial de la Federación on 9 December 2025. The general rate rose 13.0% and the border rate 5.0%.
The amounts are per ordinary working day. The border zone covers municipalities along the United States border listed in the resolution; the rest of the country is the general zone. The same resolution sets higher professional minimum wages for 61 listed trades and occupations. The general increase combined a fixed amount (the MIR) of 17.01 pesos and a 6.5% rise.
What is the peso to dollar exchange rate?
The Bank of Mexico's FIX exchange rate was 18.3528 pesos per US dollar on 13 October 2026, according to the FIX value shown on the Bank of Mexico's website. The Bank publishes the rate and its history on its exchange rates page.
The FIX is a reference rate determined by the Bank of Mexico each banking day. It is not the rate banks or exchange bureaux charge customers, which includes a margin. According to the Bank, exchange rate policy is the responsibility of the Exchange Commission of Finance Ministry and Bank of Mexico officials, which in late 1994 let the market set the rate.
What is the Bank of Mexico interest rate?
The Bank of Mexico's target for the overnight interbank interest rate was 6.50% on 13 October 2026, according to the target rate value shown on the Bank of Mexico's website. Decisions and their statements are listed on the Bank's monetary policy announcements page.
The target rate is set by the Bank's Board of Governors. Its 2026 calendar has eight scheduled announcements, published on Thursdays at 13:00; the remaining dates are 5 November and 17 December. Minutes follow two weeks after each decision. The TIIE de fondeo is the market overnight rate that tracks the target, and the 28-day TIIE is used for many loans, so check which rate a figure refers to.
What is Mexico's GDP growth rate?
Mexico's GDP grew 1.4% in the second quarter of 2026 compared with the first quarter, and 1.9% compared with a year earlier, in seasonally adjusted real terms, according to INEGI's quarterly GDP release of 24 August 2026. Primary activities grew 2.4%, industry 1.6% and services 1.4% on the quarter.
INEGI first publishes a timely estimate about 30 days after the quarter ends and the fuller figures later, so early growth rates can be revised. Quarter-on-quarter growth uses seasonally adjusted data; annual comparisons are sometimes given unadjusted, so check which is quoted. The next release is due on 23 November 2026. Series are on INEGI's GDP page.
What is the unemployment rate in Mexico?
Mexico's unemployment rate was 3.0% in August 2026, compared with 2.9% a year earlier, according to INEGI's National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE) release of 25 September 2026. The economically active population was 62.6 million, a participation rate of 59.3%, and labour informality was 55.0%.
The low unemployment rate is best read alongside informality and underemployment (7.0% in August), because many people who lack formal jobs work in informal activities and are counted as employed. The ENOE follows international definitions: unemployed people had no work and looked for it in the reference period. Monthly figures are followed by fuller quarterly results. The next release is due on 22 October 2026.
What is the poverty rate in Mexico?
In 2024, 29.6% of Mexico's population, 38.5 million people, were in multidimensional poverty, and 5.3% (7.0 million) in extreme poverty, according to INEGI's multidimensional poverty release of 13 August 2025. In 2022 the figures were 36.3% (46.8 million) and 9.1 million in extreme poverty.
Mexico's official measure counts a person as poor when income is below the value of a basic basket and they also lack at least one social right, such as health care, social security, education, housing, basic services or food. It is calculated every two years from the household income survey (ENIGH). 2024 is the first measurement made by INEGI, which took over the task from CONEVAL after a constitutional reform. Rates are much higher in Chiapas (66.0%), Guerrero and Oaxaca.
What is the average household income in Mexico?
Mexican households had an average current income of 25,955 pesos a month in 2024, according to INEGI's National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) 2024 release of 30 July 2025. That was 10.6% more than in 2022 in real terms. Of the total, 17,033 pesos (65.6%) came from work and 4,600 pesos (17.7%) from transfers such as pensions and grants.
The figure is per household, not per worker, and it is a mean, which is pulled up by high incomes. Current income includes an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes. The ENIGH is carried out every two years. For pay of individual workers, the ENOE employment survey and the social security institute (IMSS) publish wage data on different bases.
How much is Mexico's government debt?
Mexico's central government debt was 50.3% of GDP in 2024, according to the World Bank's central government debt indicator (read through the World Bank API, updated 8 October 2026), which is based on IMF government finance statistics.
Inside Mexico, the Finance Ministry (SHCP) publishes monthly and quarterly public finance and debt reports to Congress, including the historical balance of public sector borrowing requirements (SHRFSP), its broadest debt measure, which covers more of the public sector than central government debt alone. The IMF's World Economic Outlook gives a general government figure. State the measure and year before comparing.
What were the results of Mexico's 2024 presidential election?
Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo, candidate of the PVEM, PT and Morena coalition, received 35,924,519 votes (59.76%) in the 2 June 2024 presidential election, according to the National Electoral Institute's official district counts (Cómputos 2024). Xóchitl Gálvez Ruiz (PAN, PRI and PRD) received 16,502,697 (27.45%) and Jorge Álvarez Máynez (Movimiento Ciudadano) 6,204,710 (10.32%).
Turnout was 61.05% of the 98,468,994 people on the electoral roll, with 60,115,184 votes cast, according to the national data file behind the counts. The district counts replace the preliminary PREP results. Challenges are decided by the Electoral Tribunal (TEPJF), which declares the presidential election valid. Results for Congress are on INE's election results page.
What is the crime rate in Mexico?
Mexico recorded 27,989 presumed homicides in 2025, a rate of 21.4 per 100,000 people (38.4 for men and 4.7 for women), according to INEGI's preliminary homicide statistics of 3 August 2026; 70.8% involved a firearm. INEGI's victimisation survey (ENVIPE 2026) estimates 23.0 million victims aged 18 and over in 2025, and that 93.4% of crimes were not reported or not investigated.
The homicide figures come from death certificates, not police files, so they differ from the monthly crime reports of the national public security system (SESNSP), which count investigations opened. The ENVIPE asks households directly, which is why it captures the large share of crimes never reported (the cifra negra). Final homicide figures for 2025 are due on 10 November 2026.
What is the birth rate in Mexico?
INEGI counted 1,678,532 registered births in Mexico in 2025, a rate of 47.7 births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 49, according to its registered birth statistics of 25 September 2026. The World Bank puts Mexico's fertility rate at 1.89 births per woman and its crude birth rate at 15.5 per 1,000 people in 2024 (fertility rate, read through the World Bank API).
Registered births include some births from earlier years registered late, so a year's registrations are not the same as births in that year. A fertility rate below about 2.1 means each generation is smaller than the last without migration. INEGI's births and fertility page has the series by state.
What is life expectancy in Mexico?
Life expectancy at birth in Mexico was 75.3 years in 2024, according to the World Bank's life expectancy indicator (read through the World Bank API, updated 8 October 2026).
The World Bank figure is a modelled estimate drawn mainly from the UN Population Division. Within Mexico, the National Population Council (CONAPO) publishes official projections of life expectancy by sex and state, and INEGI publishes registered deaths, with 762,494 deaths registered in 2025 according to its preliminary figures. Life expectancy at birth is a summary of death rates in one year, not a forecast of how long a baby born that year will live.
Source guides
- INEGI (National Institute of Statistics and Geography)
- Bank of Mexico (Banco de México)
- National Electoral Institute (INE)
- Diario Oficial de la Federación and federal laws
- Access to public information: the National Transparency Platform
Questions were chosen from the searches people make most about this country's figures, and each answer was written from the official page it links to, read on 14 October 2026. These answers give no verdict on any claim. To report an error, send a correction request.