Thailand: public finances

What is Thailand's public debt?

Thailand's public debt was 13,191,837.86 million baht, or about 13.2 trillion baht, at 31 August 2026, equal to 67.94% of GDP, according to the Public Debt Management Office.

Direct government borrowing made up 11,505,072.20 million baht, or 59.25% of GDP. Debt of state enterprises was 1,055,815.49 million baht. Only 0.68% of public debt was in foreign currencies, equal to 90,086.13 million baht, according to the PDMO homepage. Debt of state financial institutions guaranteed by the government was 122,931.84 million baht.

Official sources: PDMO: public debt outstanding (monthly) · PDMO homepage

How big is Thailand's budget?

Thailand's budget for fiscal year 2026, which runs from October 2025 to September 2026, was 3,780,600 million baht, about 3.78 trillion baht, according to the Public Debt Management Office. The fiscal 2025 budget was 3,752,700 million baht.

Repaying and servicing debt took 11.16% of the 2026 budget: 270,664 million baht for interest and fees and 151,200 million baht for repaying principal. The annual budget bill is prepared by the Bureau of the Budget and passed by parliament.

Official sources: PDMO: debt service as a share of the budget · Bureau of the Budget

What is Thailand's budget deficit?

Thailand's central government borrowed a net 1.5% of GDP in 2024, down from 2.2% in 2023 and 7.0% in 2021, according to the World Bank World Development Indicators, which use IMF government finance statistics.

The figure measures the gap between revenue and spending on the government's accounts. Thailand's own budget plans a deficit each year, financed by borrowing managed by the Public Debt Management Office. In 2026 the Ministry of Finance was also given authority by a royal decree to borrow to deal with the effects of the energy crisis; the Bank of Thailand describes the measures as 400 billion baht.

Official sources: World Bank: net lending/borrowing, Thailand · PDMO homepage · Bank of Thailand: Monetary Policy Report Q2 2026 (PDF)

How much tax does Thailand collect?

Tax revenue in Thailand was 15.2% of GDP in 2024, according to the World Bank World Development Indicators. Total central government revenue, excluding grants, was 20.2% of GDP, according to the World Bank.

Tax revenue has stayed close to 15% of GDP since 2021. The main taxes are value added tax at 7%, personal and corporate income tax, and excise taxes. Interest payments took 5.8% of government revenue in 2024, according to the World Bank.

Official sources: World Bank: tax revenue, Thailand · World Bank: revenue excluding grants, Thailand · World Bank: interest payments, Thailand

How much does the Thai government spend?

Central government expense in Thailand was 20.7% of GDP in 2023, down from 25.1% in 2021, according to the World Bank World Development Indicators.

The measure covers current spending such as wages, goods and services, interest and transfers, but not investment in fixed assets such as roads and buildings. The Bank of Thailand projects that government consumption will grow 0.2% in real terms in 2026 and public investment 3.1%, after 0.6% and 8.9% in 2025.

Official sources: World Bank: expense, Thailand · Bank of Thailand: Monetary Policy Report Q2 2026 (PDF)

What is Thailand's national debt?

According to the IMF, general government gross debt in Thailand was 64.7% of GDP in 2025. It is the top of the series, which starts in 2005. It is 7th highest of 29 in East Asia & Pacific, where the median is 45.0% of GDP. Of 185 countries with 2025 data, 65th highest.

What is Thailand's budget deficit?

In 2025, general government net lending or borrowing in Thailand was -1.7% of GDP, according to the IMF (a deficit). Since 2005 it has ranged from -6.7% of GDP (2021) to 2.2% of GDP (2005). East Asia & Pacific median: -1.7% of GDP; Thailand is 15th highest of 29. World rank, highest first: 65th of 188.

How much revenue does Thailand's government raise?

The latest figure from the IMF, for 2025, is 21.1% of GDP. Its high point since 2005 was 2015, at 22.5% of GDP; its low point was 2009, at 19.5% of GDP. East Asia & Pacific median: 33.6% of GDP; Thailand is 20th highest of 29. Worldwide: 121st of 187.

What is Thailand's government spending?

The latest figure from the IMF, for 2025, is 22.8% of GDP. Its high point since 2005 was 2021, at 26.8% of GDP; its low point was 2006, at 18.7% of GDP. East Asia & Pacific median: 32.9% of GDP; Thailand is 23rd highest of 29. Of 186 countries with 2025 data, 129th highest.

What is tax revenue in Thailand?

In 2024, central government tax revenue in Thailand was 15.2% of GDP, according to the IMF. The peak was 17.7% of GDP in 2013 and the low 14.2% of GDP in 2009. Across East Asia & Pacific the middle value was 15.4% of GDP, and Thailand placed 7th highest of 12. Worldwide: 61st of 92.

What is Thailand's military budget as a share of GDP?

SIPRI puts military spending in Thailand at 1.0% of GDP in 2025. Its high point since 2005 was 2009, at 1.5% of GDP; its low point was 2006, at 1.0% of GDP. Across East Asia & Pacific the middle value was 1.4% of GDP, and Thailand placed 13th highest of 16. Of 149 countries with 2025 data, 107th highest.