Oman: environment

What are Oman's carbon emissions?

Oman's carbon dioxide emissions were 18.65 tonnes per person in 2024, excluding land use, according to the World Bank's CO2 emissions per capita series. Total greenhouse gas emissions were 132.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2024, up from 130.25 million in 2023, according to the total greenhouse gas series.

The World Bank figures come from international emissions databases rather than an Omani inventory. The Environment Authority leads national climate policy.

Official sources: World Bank: CO2 emissions per capita, Oman · World Bank: Total greenhouse gas emissions, Oman

What is air quality like in Oman?

The mean annual exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Oman was 46.86 micrograms per cubic metre in 2023, according to the World Bank's PM2.5 air pollution series. It was 52.14 in 2022 and 45.76 in 2021.

PM2.5 is fine particulate matter that can be breathed deep into the lungs. Levels vary from year to year. The figure is a modelled national average and does not show local conditions; the Environment Authority oversees air quality monitoring.

Official sources: World Bank: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure, Oman

How much electricity does Oman produce?

Oman's gross electricity production was 37,481.8 GWh in January to August 2026, 4.3% more than the 35,935.3 GWh in the same period of 2025, according to the Monthly Statistical Bulletin for September 2026 from the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), using Authority for Public Services Regulation data. Al Batinah and Adh Dhahirah produced 22,729.4 GWh of the total.

The World Bank's renewable electricity series shows renewables at 1.92% of output in 2021, its latest year.

Official sources: NCSI: Monthly Statistical Bulletin, September 2026 (PDF) · World Bank: Renewable electricity output, Oman

Where does Oman get its water?

Oman produced 330,649.3 thousand cubic metres of water in January to August 2026, 3.5% less than in the same period of 2025, according to the Monthly Statistical Bulletin for September 2026 from the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), based on Authority for Public Services Regulation data. Muscat accounted for 128,068.6 thousand cubic metres.

These are figures for the public water supply. The World Bank's water stress series puts freshwater withdrawal at 116.71% of available renewable freshwater resources in 2022, which means more water is withdrawn than is naturally renewed.

Official sources: NCSI: Monthly Statistical Bulletin, September 2026 (PDF) · World Bank: Level of water stress, Oman

How much CO2 does Oman emit per person?

The latest figure from the European Commission's EDGAR database, for 2024, is 18.7 tonnes. The peak was 19.7 tonnes in 2022 and the low 13.4 tonnes in 2005. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan median: 3.6 tonnes; Oman is 4th highest of 22. Worldwide: 7th of 186.

What are Oman's total greenhouse gas emissions?

In 2024, total greenhouse gas emissions in Oman was 132 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, according to the European Commission's EDGAR database. No year since 2005 has been higher. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan median: 103 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent; Oman is 10th highest of 22. Worldwide: 44th of 186.

What share of Oman's energy comes from renewables?

0.1%: that is the renewable share of final energy use in Oman for 2021, according to the IEA, IRENA, the UN Statistics Division, the World Bank and the WHO. No year since 2005 has been higher. It is 17th highest of 22 in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan, where the median is 3.4%. Of 191 countries with 2021 data, 184th highest.

What is Oman's forest cover?

The FAO puts forest area as a share of land in Oman at 0.0% in 2024. The figure has been the same every year since 2005. Across Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan the middle value was 1.6%, and Oman placed 21st highest of 22. Of 190 countries with 2024 data, 189th highest.

What is PM2.5 air pollution in Oman?

According to the Global Burden of Disease study, average exposure to fine particle air pollution (PM2.5) in Oman was 46.9 micrograms per cubic metre in 2023. Since 2005 it has ranged from 41.6 micrograms per cubic metre (2014) to 54.1 micrograms per cubic metre (2012). It is 8th highest of 22 in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan, where the median is 40.3 micrograms per cubic metre. World rank, highest first: 14th of 192.

What share of Oman is protected land?

According to the UN Environment Programme, the share of land in protected areas in Oman was 28.9% in 2025. No year since 2013 has been higher. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan median: 9.8%; Oman is 2nd highest of 22. Of 192 countries with 2025 data, 39th highest.

What is water stress in Oman?

116.7%: that is water stress in Oman for 2022, according to the FAO. That is the highest since at least 2005. It is 11th highest of 21 in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan, where the median is 116.7%. World rank, highest first: 14th of 175.