Sub-Saharan Africa

Madagascar: official statistics and sources

9 official bodies for Madagascar, from National Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) to Economic Development Board of Madagascar (EDBM), with key figures from the World Bank and IMF. Official languages: Malagasy, French. Capital: Antananarivo.

Who holds power in Madagascar

• Head of state: Colonel Michaël Randrianirina (Président de la Refondation de la République de Madagascar)
• Head of government: Mamitiana Rajaonarison (Premier Ministre et Chef du Gouvernement de la Refondation de la République de Madagascar)
• Foreign minister: Alice N’Diaye (Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Refondation de la République de Madagascar)

Source: UN Protocol and Liaison Service list, dated 15 October 2026. All world leaders.

Unitary semi-presidential republic (under a military-led transition since October 2025). How local power works in Madagascar: 5 tiers of government below the nation, who is elected and who they answer to.

Part of level 6 of the 10 levels of power.

Government, regions and cities

• Government and power in Madagascar: leaders, governance scores, women in parliament, spending and the bodies that hold power to account
• All 23 regions: Analamanga, Vakinankaratra, Atsimo Andrefana, Sofia, Atsinanana…
• The 7 largest cities: Antananarivo, Toamasina

Key figures

What the figures show

World Bank data give a population of 32.7 million for Madagascar in 2025, against 25.4 million in 2015. Of the 48 UN members in the World Bank's Sub-Saharan Africa region, 11 have more people; worldwide it comes 49th.

Madagascar's economy produced $19.6 billion of goods and services in 2025, in current US dollars. That works out at $599 a head; the regional median is $1,351.

Real GDP grew by 3.0% in 2025, World Bank figures show. For 2026 the IMF expects 3.8%.

Across 2025 the annual rate was 8.1%. The IMF forecasts 8.4% for 2026.

The ILO's modelled unemployment rate for 2025 is 3.0%; the national statistics office may publish a different figure from its own survey.

The IMF records general government gross debt of 47.7% of GDP for 2025, compared with a median of 53.1% across the World Bank's Sub-Saharan Africa region; its 2026 projection is 49.8%.

Life expectancy at birth: 63.8 years (2024).

• Annual inflation since 2015: highest 9.9% (2023), lowest 4.2% (2020).
• Debt ratio 2015: 44.1%; 2025: 47.7%.
• GDP per person in dollars, 2015 to 2025: +35%.

Figures checked 2026-10-13; how they are compiled.

Official sources in Madagascar

Statistics office prices, jobs, people, output

• National Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) (Institut National de la Statistique)
  Madagascar's consumer price index, census results, household surveys and national accounts. Not in English.

Central bank interest rates and money

• Central Bank of Madagascar (Banky Foiben'i Madagasikara)
  Monetary policy, exchange rates, money supply and balance-of-payments statistics and annual reports. Not in English.

Parliament debates, votes, bills

• National Assembly (Antenimierampirenena / Assemblée nationale)
  Session news, laws adopted and lists of deputies of the National Assembly. Not in English.

Government

• Office of the Prime Minister (Primature)
  Government announcements, Council of Ministers communiqués and policy news. Not in English.

Laws and the official gazette the text of laws

• National Centre for Legal Information (CNLEGIS) (Centre National de Législation)
  Searchable texts of laws, ordinances, decrees, orders and the constitution. Not in English.

Courts judgments

• High Constitutional Court (Haute Cour Constitutionnelle)
  Decisions and opinions on constitutionality and election disputes. Not in English.

Public audit how public money was spent

• Court of Accounts (Cour des Comptes)
  Audit reports on public accounts and reports on the execution of the state budget. Not in English.

Regulators

• Independent Anti-Corruption Bureau (BIANCO) (Bureau Indépendant Anti-Corruption)
  Anti-corruption investigation figures, reports and complaint procedures. Not in English.

Public registers companies, land, charities

• Economic Development Board of Madagascar (EDBM)
  Business creation formalities, investment guidance and procedures for registering companies through the one-stop shop.

Notes

Colonel Michael Randrianirina announced on 14 October 2025 the dissolution of the Senate and the National Independent Electoral Commission (CENI); the National Assembly was kept, and the High Constitutional Court swore him in on 17 October 2025.

Freedom of information in Madagascar

No general access-to-information law for Madagascar was found in the official sources checked on 2026-10-13. No adopted access-to-information law could be found. A draft law on access to information of a public nature had not been voted by the National Assembly as of its August 2026 extraordinary session.

What Madagascar does not have

• No access-to-information law and no information commissioner exist.
• The data-protection commission (CMIL) provided for by Law 2014-038 has no website that could be reached today.
• No online land register or cadastre could be reached today (the land ministry site did not respond).
• The Supreme Court site (coursupreme.mg) returns 403 to automated checks; no separate state case-law database was found.
• No official online charity/association register was found.
• Asset declarations are received by the Independent Anti-Corruption Bureau (BIANCO, already listed); no public register was found.

Also: World Bank country data · IMF country page · UN Sustainable Development Goals country profile · IPU Parline parliament profile.

Madagascar by subject

• Economy GDP, growth, trade and investment
• Jobs and pay unemployment, jobs and work
• Cost of living inflation, poverty and inequality
• Public finances debt, deficit, tax and spending
• Health and care life expectancy, doctors and spending
• Housing homes, cities, water and power
• Crime and justice murder rate, courts and crime
• Immigration migrants, refugees and remittances
• Education schools, universities and literacy
• Environment emissions, air, forests and water

Common questions

What is the population of Madagascar?

32.7 million (2025, World Bank). National figures: National Institute of Statistics (INSTAT).

What is the inflation rate in Madagascar?

8.1% (2025, World Bank). Official index: National Institute of Statistics (INSTAT).

What is Madagascar's GDP?

$19.6 billion (2025, World Bank).

How much government debt does Madagascar have?

47.7% of GDP (2025, International Monetary Fund).

Who publishes official statistics in Madagascar?

National Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) (Institut National de la Statistique): https://www.instat.mg/

What is the central bank of Madagascar?

Central Bank of Madagascar (Banky Foiben'i Madagasikara): https://www.banky-foibe.mg/

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