Luxembourg: environment

What are Luxembourg's CO2 emissions per capita?

Luxembourg's carbon dioxide emissions, excluding land use, were 10.56 tonnes per person in 2024, according to World Bank data. STATEC estimates the country's carbon footprint, which also counts emissions in imported goods, at 18.7 tonnes of CO2-equivalent per person in 2020, according to Luxembourg in Figures 2026.

Transport accounted for 58.34% of final energy consumption in 2024, according to the same publication, far more than industry (15.26%) or households (13.61%). Oil products made up 60.61% of final energy use. Per-person figures divide national emissions by residents only.

Official sources: World Bank: CO2 emissions per capita, Luxembourg · STATEC: Luxembourg in Figures 2026 (PDF)

What share of Luxembourg's energy is renewable?

Renewable sources provided 20.2% of Luxembourg's gross final energy consumption in 2025, a provisional figure, up from 14.7% in 2024, according to Eurostat.

Eurostat marks the 2025 figure as provisional, so it may be revised. Final energy consumption in Luxembourg is dominated by oil products used in transport, according to STATEC's Luxembourg in Figures 2026, which shows other sources such as wood and biofuel at 5.37% of final consumption in 2024.

Official sources: Eurostat: renewable energy share, Luxembourg · STATEC: Luxembourg in Figures 2026 (PDF)

What is the climate like in Luxembourg?

The average annual temperature at Luxembourg-Findel airport is 9.8°C and annual rainfall is 831.3 mm, based on the 1991-2020 climate normals from MeteoLux, the national weather service. July is the warmest month, averaging 18.7°C, and January the coldest, at 1.4°C.

December is the wettest month, with 89.5 mm on average, and April the driest, with 49.4 mm. Normals are 30-year averages used as a reference for comparing individual months and years. MeteoLux also publishes records of extremes measured at Findel since 1947.

Official sources: MeteoLux: climate normals and extremes (French)

How much waste does Luxembourg recycle?

28.4% of Luxembourg's household and municipal waste was recycled in 2023, and a further 24.6% composted, according to Environment Agency figures published in Luxembourg in Figures 2026 by STATEC. 40.5% was incinerated with energy recovery and 6.6% disposed of.

Household waste fell to 457 kg per person in 2023, from 592 kg in 2010. The total excludes inert waste such as construction rubble.

Official sources: STATEC: Luxembourg in Figures 2026 (PDF)

How many electric cars are there in Luxembourg?

Luxembourg's vehicle fleet includes 461,297 private cars, of which 39,182 are electric and 70,686 are hybrid vehicles, according to STATEC in Luxembourg in Figures 2026. That means about 8.5% of private cars are fully electric.

The figures count registered vehicles, not new sales, so the share changes more slowly than the mix of new cars. STATEC's publication also breaks down vehicles by fuel type.

Official sources: STATEC: Luxembourg in Figures 2026

What is Luxembourg's carbon footprint per person?

The European Commission's EDGAR database puts carbon dioxide emissions per person in Luxembourg at 10.6 tonnes in 2024. Its high point since 2005 was 2005, at 26.0 tonnes; its low point was 2023, at 10.4 tonnes. Europe & Central Asia median: 5.1 tonnes; Luxembourg is 4th highest of 46. World rank, highest first: 17th of 186.

What are Luxembourg's emissions?

In 2024, total greenhouse gas emissions in Luxembourg was 8.1 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, according to the European Commission's EDGAR database. Its high point since 2005 was 2005, at 13.1 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent; its low point was 2023, at 7.9 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Across Europe & Central Asia the middle value was 53.5 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, and Luxembourg placed 44th highest of 46. Worldwide: 146th of 186.

How much renewable energy does Luxembourg use?

In 2021, the renewable share of final energy use in Luxembourg was 20.5%, according to the IEA, IRENA, the UN Statistics Division, the World Bank and the WHO. Its high point since 2005 was 2020, at 20.8%; its low point was 2005, at 1.9%. Europe & Central Asia median: 20.4%; Luxembourg is 25th highest of 50. Of 191 countries with 2021 data, 105th highest.

What is Luxembourg's forest cover?

The latest figure from the FAO, for 2024, is 34.5%. It is the top of the series, which starts in 2005. Europe & Central Asia median: 33.2%; Luxembourg is 24th highest of 51. Of 190 countries with 2024 data, 88th highest.

What is air pollution like in Luxembourg?

In 2023, average exposure to fine particle air pollution (PM2.5) in Luxembourg was 7.4 micrograms per cubic metre, according to the Global Burden of Disease study. No year since 2005 has been lower. It is 46th highest of 51 in Europe & Central Asia, where the median is 13.0 micrograms per cubic metre. Worldwide: 172nd of 192.

What share of Luxembourg is protected land?

The UN Environment Programme puts the share of land in protected areas in Luxembourg at 39.1% in 2025. Since 2013 it has ranged from 32.5% (2015) to 55.8% (2022). It is 6th highest of 51 in Europe & Central Asia, where the median is 22.1%. Worldwide: 15th of 192.

How much of Luxembourg's fresh water is used?

The FAO puts water stress in Luxembourg at 4.0% in 2022. Its high point since 2005 was 2005, at 4.4%; its low point was 2013, at 3.6%. Europe & Central Asia median: 12.6%; Luxembourg is 39th highest of 47. Worldwide: 129th of 175.