Government and power in Indonesia

Who leads Indonesia, how the World Bank's governance indicators score it, how many women sit in parliament and government, what the state spends and taxes, and the official bodies that hold power to account. System of government: Unitary presidential republic (highly decentralised).

Who leads Indonesia?

• Head of state: Prabowo Subianto (President of the Republic of Indonesia)
• Head of government: No Prime Minister
• Foreign minister: Sugiono (Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia)

Source: Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs: Public List (United Nations Protocol and Liaison Service), list dated 15 October 2026. All world leaders.

Governance scores

The World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators combine surveys of households and firms with assessments by public, private and non-governmental bodies. Each score runs from 0 to 100; higher means the sources rate governance better. They measure perceptions, and each has a margin of error.

Voice and accountability

Measures how far citizens can choose their government, and freedom of expression, association and the media.

Political stability and absence of violence

Measures the likelihood of political instability or politically motivated violence, including terrorism.

Government effectiveness

Measures the quality of public services and the civil service, and how independent they are from political pressure.

Regulatory quality

Measures the government's ability to make and carry out policies that let the private sector develop.

Rule of law

Measures confidence in and respect for the rules of society, including contract enforcement, property rights, the police and the courts.

Control of corruption

Measures how far public power is used for private gain, including petty and grand corruption and "capture" of the state by elites.

Official bodies that hold power in Indonesia

Government

• Cabinet Secretariat
  Presidential statements, cabinet news and the texts of regulations.

Parliament

• House of Representatives (DPR)
  Bills, members, plenary sessions and commission activities of the DPR.
• Regional Representative Council (DPD)
  Members, decisions and activities of the regional representative chamber.
• People's Consultative Assembly (MPR)
  Decisions, sessions and constitutional information of the joint sitting of the DPR and DPD.

Elections

• General Elections Commission
  Election schedules, results, candidate lists and voter data.

Courts

• Supreme Court of Indonesia
  Information on the Supreme Court and access to its published decisions.
• Constitutional Court of Indonesia
  Decisions on judicial review of laws and election disputes, and hearing schedules.

Public audit

• Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia
  Audit reports on central and regional government finances and the semester audit summary.

Ombudsman

• Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia
  Reports on public service maladministration complaints and compliance assessments.

Access to information

• Central Information Commission
  Decisions on public information disputes, annual reports and public body compliance ratings.

Public contracts

• National Public Procurement Agency (LKPP)
  Procurement regulations, the electronic catalogue and blacklisted suppliers.

Laws and the official gazette

• JDIH BPK (Legal Documentation and Information Network)
  A database of Indonesian laws, government regulations and regional regulations.
• Ministry of State Secretariat JDIH
  Official texts of laws, government regulations and presidential regulations as promulgated.

Government below the national level

• Provinces (38; 34 in 2020 data, four new Papuan provinces created in 2022): Governor and provincial council (DPRD) directly elected for five years; Yogyakarta's governor is its hereditary Sultan
• Regencies (kabupaten, 416) and cities (kota, 98): Regent (bupati) or mayor (wali kota) and council directly elected
• Sub-districts (kecamatan, about 7,250): Camat, a civil servant appointed by the regent or mayor
• Villages: desa (rural) and kelurahan (urban), about 83,800 in total: Desa head (kepala desa) directly elected by villagers; kelurahan head (lurah) is an appointed civil servant
• Neighbourhood units: RW (rukun warga) and RT (rukun tetangga): Heads chosen by residents (often by deliberation or a local vote) and recognised by the village or kelurahan

How local power works in Indonesia

Places in Indonesia

• All 38 provinces
• The 4 largest cities
• Official statistics for Indonesia

Sources

• World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Voice and accountability (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 70f2804fd1e2…)
• World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Political stability and absence of violence (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 1317de0c85e1…)
• World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Government effectiveness (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a775e808dc65…)
• World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Regulatory quality (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 83b57e36ff8c…)
• World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Rule of law (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 0bccc3c054e8…)
• World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Control of corruption (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 3b15a5340cdd…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Seats held by women in national parliament (SG.GEN.PARL.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 1ae1dc13981a…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Women in ministerial positions (SG.GEN.MNST.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a4e448a5b8bd…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Military spending (MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a7f6913a783b…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Armed forces personnel (MS.MIL.TOTL.P1), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 fa4663c743ba…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Statistical Performance Indicator (overall score) (IQ.SPI.OVRL), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 08ac7cde9129…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Births registered (SP.REG.BRTH.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 f8d443034ba7…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: People using the internet (IT.NET.USER.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 0d78dc658329…)

Each saved copy is the file exactly as downloaded, kept so the figures can be checked even if the source changes. Report an error.