Georgia: environment

What are Georgia's greenhouse gas emissions?

Georgia emitted 20.1 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent greenhouse gases in 2022, excluding land use and forestry, according to Geostat's greenhouse gas emissions table. That is 5.4 tonnes per person. Energy accounted for 13.2 million tonnes, agriculture 2.3 million, industrial processes 2.6 million and waste 2.0 million. Forests absorbed a net 5.8 million tonnes, leaving net emissions of 14.3 million tonnes.

2022 is the latest year in the national inventory, which Georgia reports to the UN climate convention. Emissions have risen from 11.4 million tonnes in 2000. Carbon dioxide made up 12.8 million tonnes and methane 5.9 million.

Official sources: Geostat: Greenhouse gas emissions (XLSX) · Geostat: Environmental Indicators

How bad is air pollution in Tbilisi?

At Tbilisi's Varketili traffic monitoring station, the annual average PM10 concentration was 31 µg/m³ in 2025, below the national annual limit of 40, according to Geostat's ambient air quality table. The daily PM10 limit of 50 µg/m³ was exceeded on 28 days. PM2.5 averaged 15 µg/m³, against a limit of 20.

The table covers each monitoring station in Tbilisi and other cities, so values differ by location. In 2017 the same station recorded a PM10 average of 39 and 85 days over the daily limit. Live readings are on the National Environmental Agency's air quality portal.

Official sources: Geostat: Ambient air quality in urban areas (XLSX) · National Environmental Agency: Air quality portal

How much of Georgia's energy is renewable?

Renewable energy supply was 1,197.0 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe) in 2024, out of a total primary energy supply of 5,914.5 ktoe, according to Geostat's Environmental Indicators. That is about a fifth of all energy used.

Total energy supply has grown from 4,166.5 ktoe in 2013 while renewable supply has stayed between about 960 and 1,210 ktoe. Detailed energy balances by fuel are on Geostat's Energy Statistics page.

Official sources: Geostat: Environmental Indicators · Geostat: Energy Statistics

Is Georgia getting warmer?

The average annual air temperature in Georgia was 10.3°C in 2024, according to Geostat's air temperature table, after 10.4°C in 2023. In the early 2000s annual averages were mostly between 8.6°C and 9.6°C. Annual precipitation was 1,227 mm in 2024, according to the precipitation table.

The figures are averages across the National Environmental Agency's weather stations. Single years vary, so compare averages over several years to see a trend. The 2018 to 2024 average was 10.1°C, against 9.1°C for 2001 to 2007.

Official sources: Geostat: Air temperature (XLSX) · Geostat: Atmospheric precipitation (XLSX)

How many people in Georgia have piped water?

2.87 million people were connected to the public water supply in 2025, according to Geostat's water supply table, up from 2.22 million in 2015. 2.06 million were connected to a sewerage system and 1.64 million to wastewater treatment, according to the wastewater table.

Against a population of about 3.94 million, that leaves roughly a quarter of people, mostly in rural areas, relying on wells or other sources. Water losses during transport were 559.9 million cubic metres in 2025, according to the same set of Geostat environmental indicators.

Official sources: Geostat: Water supply and population connected (XLSX) · Geostat: Population connected to wastewater treatment (XLSX) · Geostat: Environmental Indicators

What are Georgia's CO2 emissions per person?

The latest figure from the European Commission's EDGAR database, for 2024, is 3.5 tonnes. Its high point since 2005 was 2023, at 3.6 tonnes; its low point was 2005, at 1.3 tonnes. Across Europe & Central Asia the middle value was 5.1 tonnes, and Georgia placed 39th highest of 46. World rank, highest first: 76th of 186.

What are Georgia's emissions?

19.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent: that is total greenhouse gas emissions in Georgia for 2024, according to the European Commission's EDGAR database. The peak was 19.7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2022 and the low 11.2 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2005. Europe & Central Asia median: 53.5 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent; Georgia is 36th highest of 46. Of 186 countries with 2024 data, 118th highest.

How much of Georgia's energy is renewable?

The IEA, IRENA, the UN Statistics Division, the World Bank and the WHO puts the renewable share of final energy use in Georgia at 25.2% in 2021. The peak was 41.5% in 2005 and the low 23.4% in 2020. Across Europe & Central Asia the middle value was 20.4%, and Georgia placed 20th highest of 50. Worldwide: 91st of 191.

What share of Georgia is covered by forest?

The FAO puts forest area as a share of land in Georgia at 44.6% in 2024. No year since 2005 has been higher. Europe & Central Asia median: 33.2%; Georgia is 9th highest of 51. World rank, highest first: 59th of 190.

What is PM2.5 air pollution in Georgia?

In 2023, average exposure to fine particle air pollution (PM2.5) in Georgia was 18.6 micrograms per cubic metre, according to the Global Burden of Disease study. Since 2005 it has ranged from 17.4 micrograms per cubic metre (2016) to 21.9 micrograms per cubic metre (2010). Across Europe & Central Asia the middle value was 13.0 micrograms per cubic metre, and Georgia placed 13th highest of 51. Of 192 countries with 2023 data, 94th highest.

How much of Georgia is in national parks and reserves?

22.8%: that is the share of land in protected areas in Georgia for 2025, according to the UN Environment Programme. No year since 2013 has been higher. Europe & Central Asia median: 22.1%; Georgia is 22nd highest of 51. Worldwide: 63rd of 192.

Is Georgia short of water?

The FAO puts water stress in Georgia at 4.2% in 2022. The peak was 5.9% in 2008 and the low 4.2% in 2018. Across Europe & Central Asia the middle value was 12.6%, and Georgia placed 37th highest of 47. Of 175 countries with 2022 data, 127th highest.