Madrid: population and official figures
In depth
- Economy, jobs and prices in Madrid: The unemployment rate in Madrid was 8.9% in 2024 (8.8% for women, 9.0% for men).
- Health in Madrid: The infant mortality rate was 2.9 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2024.
- Poverty and living standards in Madrid: Police recorded 229,662 criminal offences in the municipality of Madrid in 2025, down 3.1% on 2024 (237,020); that puts Madrid 14th of 15 major Spanish cities ranked from the biggest rise to the biggest fall.
- Government and politics in Madrid: 44% of people in Madrid agreed that there is corruption in their local public administration (EU quality of life in European cities survey, 2023).
What is the population of Madrid?
Madrid, the capital of Spain, had 5,115,272 inhabitants (urban agglomeration) on 1 July 2023, according to an official estimate (usual residents) reported to the United Nations.
Source: United Nations Statistics Division · saved copyHow does Madrid rank among cities in Spain?
Of the 49 cities the UN table lists for Spain (capitals and places of 100,000 or more), it is the largest.
Source: United Nations Statistics Division · saved copyHow many women and men live in Madrid?
Women and girls made up 52.7% of residents (2,694,617 female, 2,420,655 male).
Source: United Nations Statistics Division · saved copyHow much debt does Madrid city council have?
Madrid city council owed €1.56 billion at the end of 2025, the largest debt of 15 major Spanish cities and 51% of all town hall debt in its province.
Source: Ministerio de Hacienda · saved copyWhat is the population of Madrid?
Madrid had 4,501,429 residents on 1 January 2024 according to the EU Urban Audit; 12.6% were under 15 and 20.2% were 65 or older.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyIs Madrid growing?
The population grew by 39.2% between 2012 and 2024.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow many young children are in childcare in Madrid?
71% of children under 5 were in day care or school in 2024 (715 per 1,000).
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow many students are there in Madrid?
353,557 students were enrolled in higher education in Madrid in 2024, 78 for every 1,000 residents.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyHow many people in Madrid have a degree?
Of adults aged 25 to 64 in Madrid in 2023, 54% had a degree-level education, 22% an upper secondary education and 24% at most lower secondary schooling.
Source: Eurostat · saved copyMore figures
- In the EU's 2023 survey of quality of life in European cities, 59% of residents of Madrid were satisfied with schools and other educational facilities. Source: Eurostat · saved copy
Who runs Madrid?
In Spain, cities and towns are run by autonomous communities: Elected parliament; president elected by parliament. Health, education, social services, planning; many make laws. Powers vary by statute of autonomy.
How local power works in Spain
Cities of a similar size in Spain
- Barcelona 3,767,382
- València 1,439,503
- Sevilla 881,124
- Bilbao 790,197
- Zaragoza 683,949
- Málaga 587,068
- Murcia 467,501
- Palma 430,640
- Granada 408,869
- Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 380,863
- Santa Cruz de Tenerife 368,482
- Alicante/Alacant 350,598
Up a level: all cities in Spain · Spain · government and power
Sources
- United Nations Statistics Division: Demographic Yearbook 2024, Table 8: Population of capital cities and cities of 100 000 or more inhabitants, latest available year, 2005-2024, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 0c6784df022e…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset urb_ctour: Urban Audit: culture and tourism (cities), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 235d13e6125c…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset urb_cpop1: Urban Audit: population on 1 January by age groups and sex (cities), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 0ef23d60abc9…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset urb_clivcon: Urban Audit: living conditions (cities), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 bc58ab68d418…)
- Ministerio del Interior: Balance de Criminalidad, cuarto trimestre 2025: infracciones penales registradas en comunidades, provincias, islas y municipios de más de 20.000 habitantes, enero a diciembre 2025, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 6b3532029406…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset urb_cfermor: Urban Audit: fertility and mortality (cities), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 bd2b301d78c2…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset urb_clma: Urban Audit: labour market (cities), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 be050965f9c6…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset urb_percep: Quality of life in European cities survey 2023: perception (cities), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 81bd3e277f3e…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset urb_ctran: Urban Audit: transport (cities), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 c4e74aa07496…)
- Ministerio de Hacienda: Deuda viva de las Entidades Locales a 31/12/2025: ayuntamientos, diputaciones, consejos y cabildos insulares, read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 831355e52dd9…)
- Eurostat: Eurostat dataset urb_ceduc: Urban Audit: education (cities), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 af187c7040a4…)
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