Mali: environment

What are the CO2 emissions of Mali?

Mali emitted 0.30 tonnes of carbon dioxide per person in 2024, excluding land use, according to World Bank data. Total greenhouse gas emissions were 48.0 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2024, according to the World Bank greenhouse gas series.

Both figures come from the EDGAR database of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre and exclude land use, land-use change and forestry. The gap between per-person CO2 and total emissions shows that most of Mali's emissions are gases other than CO2, such as methane and nitrous oxide.

Official sources: World Bank: CO2 emissions per capita, Mali · World Bank: Total greenhouse gas emissions, Mali

How many people in Mali have electricity?

49.5% of Mali's population had access to electricity in 2024, according to World Bank data. Renewable energy made up 71.1% of total final energy consumption in 2022, according to the renewable energy consumption series.

The access figures come from the tracking report of the IEA, IRENA, the UN Statistics Division, the World Bank and the WHO. The renewable share covers all final energy use, including traditional biomass such as firewood for cooking, so it is not the same as the renewable share of electricity.

Official sources: World Bank: Access to electricity, Mali · World Bank: Renewable energy consumption, Mali

What is the air quality like in Mali?

The average person in Mali was exposed to 35.5 micrograms of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) per cubic metre of air in 2023, according to World Bank data. The WHO guideline for annual average PM2.5 is 5 micrograms per cubic metre.

The figure is a population-weighted annual mean, modelled from satellite observations and ground measurements, so it describes long-term exposure rather than daily air quality in Bamako. No national air quality monitoring data were found on Malian official sites on 15 October 2026.

Official sources: World Bank: PM2.5 mean annual exposure, Mali

What is Mali's carbon footprint per person?

According to the European Commission's EDGAR database, carbon dioxide emissions per person in Mali was 0.3 tonnes in 2024. Its high point since 2005 was 2021, at 0.3 tonnes; its low point was 2005, at 0.1 tonnes. It is 29th highest of 47 in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the median is 0.4 tonnes. World rank, highest first: 161st of 186.

What are Mali's total greenhouse gas emissions?

The European Commission's EDGAR database puts total greenhouse gas emissions in Mali at 48.0 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2024. It is the top of the series, which starts in 2005. It is 12th highest of 47 in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the median is 24.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. World rank, highest first: 81st of 186.

How much of Mali's energy is renewable?

The IEA, IRENA, the UN Statistics Division, the World Bank and the WHO puts the renewable share of final energy use in Mali at 71.1% in 2022. That is the lowest since at least 2005. Across Sub-Saharan Africa the middle value was 70.0%, and Mali placed 11th highest of 23. Worldwide: 12th of 53.

What share of Mali is covered by forest?

8.7%: that is forest area as a share of land in Mali for 2024, according to the FAO. It is the bottom of the series, which starts in 2005. Across Sub-Saharan Africa the middle value was 22.2%, and Mali placed 42nd highest of 48. Worldwide: 158th of 190.

What is PM2.5 air pollution in Mali?

The latest figure from the Global Burden of Disease study, for 2023, is 35.5 micrograms per cubic metre. Its high point since 2005 was 2015, at 44.2 micrograms per cubic metre; its low point was 2013, at 33.7 micrograms per cubic metre. Sub-Saharan Africa median: 27.5 micrograms per cubic metre; Mali is 16th highest of 48. World rank, highest first: 33rd of 192.

How much of Mali is in national parks and reserves?

In 2025, the share of land in protected areas in Mali was 7.5%, according to the UN Environment Programme. It is the bottom of the series, which starts in 2013. It is 41st highest of 48 in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the median is 16.9%. Of 192 countries with 2025 data, 160th highest.

Is Mali short of water?

According to the FAO, water stress in Mali was 8.0% in 2022. It is the top of the series, which starts in 2005. It is 20th highest of 47 in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the median is 5.1%. Of 175 countries with 2022 data, 99th highest.