Government and power in Luxembourg
Who leads Luxembourg, how the World Bank's governance indicators score it, how many women sit in parliament and government, what the state spends and taxes, and the official bodies that hold power to account. System of government: Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy.
Who leads Luxembourg?
- Head of state: Le Grand-Duc Guillaume de Luxembourg (Le Grand-Duc de Luxembourg)
- Head of government: Luc Frieden (Premier Ministre du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg)
- Foreign minister: Xavier Bettel (Vice-Premier Ministre, Ministre des Affaires étrangères et du Commerce extérieur, et Ministre de la Coopération et de l'action humanitaire du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg)
Source: Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs: Public List (United Nations Protocol and Liaison Service), list dated 15 October 2026. All world leaders.
Governance scores
The World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators combine surveys of households and firms with assessments by public, private and non-governmental bodies. Each score runs from 0 to 100; higher means the sources rate governance better. They measure perceptions, and each has a margin of error.
- Voice and accountability
- Measures how far citizens can choose their government, and freedom of expression, association and the media.
- Political stability and absence of violence
- Measures the likelihood of political instability or politically motivated violence, including terrorism.
- Government effectiveness
- Measures the quality of public services and the civil service, and how independent they are from political pressure.
- Regulatory quality
- Measures the government's ability to make and carry out policies that let the private sector develop.
- Rule of law
- Measures confidence in and respect for the rules of society, including contract enforcement, property rights, the police and the courts.
- Control of corruption
- Measures how far public power is used for private gain, including petty and grand corruption and "capture" of the state by elites.
How does Luxembourg score on voice and accountability?
Voice and accountability: 87.1 out of 100 in 2025, 7th highest of 193 UN member states with a score (regional median 74.2). Ten years earlier, in 2015, it was 86.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow does Luxembourg score on political stability?
Political stability and absence of violence: 86.5 out of 100 in 2025, 24th highest of 193 UN member states with a score (regional median 73.5). Ten years earlier, in 2015, it was 90.1.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow does Luxembourg score on government effectiveness?
Government effectiveness: 92.8 out of 100 in 2025, 3rd highest of 193 UN member states with a score (regional median 69.4). Ten years earlier, in 2015, it was 92.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow does Luxembourg score on regulatory quality?
Regulatory quality: 83.8 out of 100 in 2025, 6th highest of 193 UN member states with a score (regional median 66.2). Ten years earlier, in 2015, it was 83.9.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow does Luxembourg score on the rule of law?
Rule of law: 86.8 out of 100 in 2025, 7th highest of 193 UN member states with a score (regional median 70.8). Ten years earlier, in 2015, it was 88.2.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow does Luxembourg score on control of corruption?
Control of corruption: 86.9 out of 100 in 2025, 7th highest of 193 UN member states with a score (regional median 60.7). Ten years earlier, in 2015, it was 92.9.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow many women are in Luxembourg's parliament?
Women held 35.0% of seats in the national parliament (single or lower chamber) in 2025, 48th highest of 184 countries with data. Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union, via the World Bank.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow many of Luxembourg's ministers are women?
Women held 33.3% of ministerial posts in 2025, 44th highest of 190.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow much does the government of Luxembourg spend?
Central government spending (expense) was 42.2% of GDP in 2023.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow much tax does the government of Luxembourg collect?
Central government tax revenue was 28.6% of GDP in 2024, 5th highest of 92.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow much does Luxembourg spend on the military?
Military spending was 0.9% of GDP in 2025, 120th highest of 149 (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via the World Bank).
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow big are the armed forces of Luxembourg?
Armed forces personnel numbered 1,000 in 2020.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow good are Luxembourg's official statistics?
The World Bank's Statistical Performance Indicator, which scores how well a country's official statistics system works, was 85.8 out of 100 in 2024, 37th highest of 187.
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow many births are registered in Luxembourg?
100.0% of births of children under 5 were registered with a civil authority (2022).
Source: World Bank · saved copyHow many people in Luxembourg use the internet?
99.1% of people used the internet in 2025.
Source: World Bank · saved copyOfficial bodies that hold power in Luxembourg
Government
- Government of the Grand Duchy of LuxembourgGovernment council decisions, ministry news and official publications.
Parliament
- Chamber of DeputiesBills, public session reports, parliamentary questions and member information.
Elections
- Official elections siteOfficial results and information for legislative, European and municipal elections.
Courts
- Luxembourg judiciary (Superior Court of Justice and Administrative Court)Information on the courts and published case law of the Luxembourg judiciary.
- Constitutional CourtOrganisation and rulings of the court that reviews whether laws conform to the Constitution.
Public audit
- Court of AuditorsAudit reports on state finances, the general state account and public bodies.
Ombudsman
- Ombudsman of LuxembourgAnnual reports and recommendations on complaints about public administrations.
Access to information
- Commission for Access to DocumentsOpinions on refused requests for access to administrative documents, published anonymously, and annual reports.
Lobbying register
- Chamber of Deputies: transparency registerInterest representatives who meet members and officials of the Chamber of Deputies.
Public contracts
- Public procurement portalPublic tender notices and procurement guidance for Luxembourg contracting authorities.
Laws and the official gazette
- LegiluxThe Journal officiel and consolidated Luxembourg legislation.
Government below the national level
- Communes (100): Communal council elected for six years (last June 2023); bourgmestre and aldermen (échevins) appointed by the Grand Duke (for towns) or the minister (others) from the councillors
How local power works in Luxembourg
Places in Luxembourg
Sources
- World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Voice and accountability (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 70f2804fd1e2…)
- World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Political stability and absence of violence (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 1317de0c85e1…)
- World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Government effectiveness (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a775e808dc65…)
- World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Regulatory quality (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 83b57e36ff8c…)
- World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Rule of law (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 0bccc3c054e8…)
- World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Control of corruption (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 3b15a5340cdd…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Seats held by women in national parliament (SG.GEN.PARL.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 1ae1dc13981a…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Women in ministerial positions (SG.GEN.MNST.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a4e448a5b8bd…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Central government spending (GC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 808094019f50…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Tax revenue (GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 08c94b750f31…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Military spending (MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a7f6913a783b…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Armed forces personnel (MS.MIL.TOTL.P1), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 fa4663c743ba…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Statistical Performance Indicator (overall score) (IQ.SPI.OVRL), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 08ac7cde9129…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: Births registered (SP.REG.BRTH.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 f8d443034ba7…)
- World Bank: World Development Indicators: People using the internet (IT.NET.USER.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 0d78dc658329…)
Each saved copy is the file exactly as downloaded, kept so the figures can be checked even if the source changes. Report an error.