Government budget and revenue in Sakai, Japan: official figures

The municipal government of Sakai took in 462.9 billion yen in fiscal 2022 (final accounts), 560,341 yen per resident, 44th highest of 262 cities.

How much does Sakai spend per person?

The municipal government of Sakai spent 454.1 billion yen in fiscal 2022, 549,641 yen per resident, 37th highest of 262 cities; revenue was 8.8 billion yen above spending.

Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications · saved copy

How much tax does Sakai collect?

Local taxes raised 156.4 billion yen in Sakai in fiscal 2022, 33.8% of total revenue (189,257 yen per resident), 115th lowest of 262 cities by share; the rest came from national transfers, grants, borrowing and other income.

Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications · saved copy

How financially independent is Sakai?

The fiscal strength index of Sakai was 0.78 for fiscal 2022 (a three-year average), joint 121st lowest of 261 cities. It divides standard local revenue by standard spending needs; a value of 1 or more means the city can meet its standard needs from its own revenue.

Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications · saved copy

Does Sakai run a budget surplus?

The real balance ratio of Sakai was 3.4% in fiscal 2022: the year-end surplus as a share of its standard fiscal size.

Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications · saved copy

How much debt does Sakai have?

The real debt service ratio of Sakai was 6.0% in fiscal 2022, the burden of repaying borrowed money (a three-year average) relative to its fiscal size.

Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications · saved copy

How Sakai compares with other cities in Japan

Municipal spending per resident (fiscal 2022)

Sakai ranks 37 of 262, highest first. Final accounts of the municipal government divided by the 2020 census population

Rank	City	Municipal spending per resident
34	Oshu	552 thousand yen
35	Yatsushiro	551 thousand yen
36	Okinawa	550 thousand yen
37	Sakai	550 thousand yen
38	Yokohama	549 thousand yen
39	Matsue	549 thousand yen
40	Hakusan	548 thousand yen

Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications · saved copy

Local taxes as a share of municipal revenue (fiscal 2022)

Sakai ranks 148 of 262, highest first.

Rank	City	Local taxes as a share of municipal revenue
145	Kasuga	33.9%
146	Onojo	33.8%
147	Hikone	33.8%
148	Sakai	33.8%
149	Kofu	33.7%
150	Abiko	33.6%
151	Maebashi	33.6%

Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications · saved copy

Fiscal strength index (fiscal 2022)

Sakai ranks 140 of 261, highest first. Standard local revenue divided by standard needs, a three-year average; 1 or more means no reliance on general central transfers.

Rank	City	Fiscal strength index
137	Itami	0.79
138	Hitachi	0.79
139	Urasoe	0.79
140	Sakai	0.78
141	Takatsuki	0.78
142	Kobe	0.77
143	Hirakata	0.77

Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications · saved copy

More on Sakai: overview · economy and jobs · health · education and schools · poverty and living standards · all cities in Japan

Sources

Statistics Bureau of Japan, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: Statistical Observations of Municipalities 2026 (social and demographic statistics, city, ward, town and village data), read 28 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 2cb3d8c51aa1…)

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