Estonia: health and care

What is the life expectancy in Estonia?

Life expectancy at birth in Estonia was 79.4 years in 2024, according to Eurostat. The EU average was 81.5 years.

Statistics Estonia's population release reports 15,688 deaths and 9,240 births in 2025, so deaths exceeded births by more than 6,000. Life expectancy summarises death rates across all ages in a single year; it is not a forecast for any individual.

Official sources: Eurostat: Life expectancy by age and sex · Statistics Estonia: population on 1 January 2026

What is the fertility rate in Estonia?

The total fertility rate in Estonia was 1.18 children per woman in 2024, down from 1.31 in 2023 and below the EU average of 1.34, according to Eurostat. 9,240 children were born in Estonia in 2025, according to Statistics Estonia.

A rate of about 2.1 is needed to keep a population stable without migration. Statistics Estonia attributes two thirds of the 2025 population decline to deaths exceeding births.

Official sources: Eurostat: Fertility indicators · Statistics Estonia: population on 1 January 2026

How long do people live in Estonia?

In 2024, life expectancy at birth in Estonia was 79.3 years, according to the UN Population Division. No year since 2005 has been higher. Europe & Central Asia median: 79.5 years; Estonia is 27th highest of 52. Of 193 countries with 2024 data, 44th highest.

How many babies die in Estonia?

The latest figure from the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, for 2024, is 1.5 per 1,000. It is the bottom of the series, which starts in 2005. Europe & Central Asia median: 3.4 per 1,000; Estonia is 50th highest of 51. World rank, highest first: 191st of 192.

What is the maternal mortality rate in Estonia?

The WHO puts the maternal mortality ratio in Estonia at 5.0 per 100,000 in 2023. That is the lowest since at least 2005. Across Europe & Central Asia the middle value was 6.0 per 100,000, and Estonia placed 31st highest of 51. World rank, highest first: 166th of 192.

How much does Estonia spend on health?

According to the WHO, current health spending in Estonia was 7.8% of GDP in 2024. That is the highest since at least 2005. Across Europe & Central Asia the middle value was 9.4% of GDP, and Estonia placed 14th highest of 17.

How much do people in Estonia pay for health care themselves?

The latest figure from the WHO, for 2024, is 21.4%. Its high point since 2005 was 2017, at 24.8%; its low point was 2009, at 21.2%. Europe & Central Asia median: 14.1%; Estonia is 4th highest of 17.

How many doctors does Estonia have?

In 2022, the number of doctors per 1,000 people in Estonia was 3.5 per 1,000, according to the WHO. Its high point since 2005 was 2018, at 3.5 per 1,000; its low point was 2005, at 3.1 per 1,000. Across Europe & Central Asia the middle value was 3.7 per 1,000, and Estonia placed 26th highest of 42. Worldwide: 37th of 125.

How many hospital beds does Estonia have?

According to the WHO, hospital beds per 1,000 people in Estonia was 4.1 per 1,000 in 2023. That is the lowest since at least 2005. Europe & Central Asia median: 4.2 per 1,000; Estonia is 13th highest of 23. Of 73 countries with 2023 data, 18th highest.

What is measles vaccine coverage in Estonia?

WHO and UNICEF puts measles vaccination among children aged 12 to 23 months in Estonia at 83.0% in 2024. It is the bottom of the series, which starts in 2005. Europe & Central Asia median: 94.0%; Estonia is 45th highest of 51. World rank, highest first: 132nd of 191.