Brunei: environment

What are Brunei's greenhouse gas emissions?

Brunei's direct greenhouse gas emissions were 10.421 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2025, down from 11.029 million in 2024, according to the Brunei Darussalam Statistical Yearbook 2025. Net carbon dioxide was 9.432 million tonnes, methane 0.658 million and nitrous oxide 0.330 million.

The yearbook series starts in 2021 at 9.651 million tonnes and peaked in 2024. Methane emissions were highest in 2023, at 0.906 million tonnes. Brunei's population was 458,600 in 2025, according to DEPS.

Official sources: DEPS: Brunei Darussalam Statistical Yearbook 2025 (PDF)

What is the air quality like in Brunei?

Brunei recorded 365 days of good air quality in 2025, according to the Brunei Darussalam Statistical Yearbook 2025, using data from the Department of Environment, Parks and Recreation. In 2024 there were 364 good days and 2 moderate days.

Good means a Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) below 50; 51 to 99 is moderate and 100 to 200 unhealthy. The same table reports 199,000 tonnes of waste disposed of in 2025.

Official sources: DEPS: Brunei Darussalam Statistical Yearbook 2025 (PDF)

How much CO2 does Brunei emit per person?

20.2 tonnes: that is carbon dioxide emissions per person in Brunei for 2024, according to the European Commission's EDGAR database. Since 2005 it has ranged from 16.7 tonnes (2005) to 23.6 tonnes (2006). It is 2nd highest of 30 in East Asia & Pacific, where the median is 2.1 tonnes. Worldwide: 5th of 186.

What are Brunei's emissions?

The European Commission's EDGAR database puts total greenhouse gas emissions in Brunei at 11.9 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2024. The peak was 12.9 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2008 and the low 8.1 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2005. East Asia & Pacific median: 45.7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent; Brunei is 17th highest of 30. Of 186 countries with 2024 data, 133rd highest.

How much of Brunei's energy is renewable?

In 2021, the renewable share of final energy use in Brunei was 0.0%, according to the IEA, IRENA, the UN Statistics Division, the World Bank and the WHO. The figure has been the same every year since 2005. East Asia & Pacific median: 14.9%; Brunei is 30th highest of 30. World rank, highest first: 189th of 191.

How much of Brunei is forest?

According to the FAO, forest area as a share of land in Brunei was 72.1% in 2024. That is the lowest since at least 2005. It is 6th highest of 29 in East Asia & Pacific, where the median is 53.6%. Worldwide: 15th of 190.

How polluted is the air in Brunei?

According to the Global Burden of Disease study, average exposure to fine particle air pollution (PM2.5) in Brunei was 7.6 micrograms per cubic metre in 2023. The peak was 14.0 micrograms per cubic metre in 2009 and the low 6.4 micrograms per cubic metre in 2017. Across East Asia & Pacific the middle value was 11.7 micrograms per cubic metre, and Brunei placed 18th highest of 30. World rank, highest first: 169th of 192.

What share of Brunei is protected land?

The latest figure from the UN Environment Programme, for 2025, is 39.9%. No year since 2013 has been lower. It is 1st highest of 30 in East Asia & Pacific, where the median is 15.8%. Worldwide: 9th of 192.

How much of Brunei's fresh water is used?

The FAO puts water stress in Brunei at 3.5% in 2022. The figure has been the same every year since 2005. It is 15th highest of 20 in East Asia & Pacific, where the median is 13.1%. Of 175 countries with 2022 data, 134th highest.