Government and power in Bahrain

Who leads Bahrain, how the World Bank's governance indicators score it, how many women sit in parliament and government, what the state spends and taxes, and the official bodies that hold power to account. System of government: Unitary constitutional monarchy.

Who leads Bahrain?

• Head of state: King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa (King of the Kingdom of Bahrain)
• Head of government: Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa (Crown Prince and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Bahrain)
• Foreign minister: Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani (Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain)

Source: Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs: Public List (United Nations Protocol and Liaison Service), list dated 15 October 2026. All world leaders.

Governance scores

The World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators combine surveys of households and firms with assessments by public, private and non-governmental bodies. Each score runs from 0 to 100; higher means the sources rate governance better. They measure perceptions, and each has a margin of error.

Voice and accountability

Measures how far citizens can choose their government, and freedom of expression, association and the media.

Political stability and absence of violence

Measures the likelihood of political instability or politically motivated violence, including terrorism.

Government effectiveness

Measures the quality of public services and the civil service, and how independent they are from political pressure.

Regulatory quality

Measures the government's ability to make and carry out policies that let the private sector develop.

Rule of law

Measures confidence in and respect for the rules of society, including contract enforcement, property rights, the police and the courts.

Control of corruption

Measures how far public power is used for private gain, including petty and grand corruption and "capture" of the state by elites.

Official bodies that hold power in Bahrain

Government

• Bahrain National Portal
  Publishes government services, official announcements and information on ministries.

Parliament

• Council of Representatives
  Publishes sessions, bills, committee reports and members of the elected chamber.
• Shura Council
  Publishes sessions, legislation under review and membership of the appointed chamber.

Elections

• Elections portal (Ministry of Justice, Islamic Affairs and Waqf)
  Publishes voter information, candidate lists and results of parliamentary and municipal elections.

Courts

• Supreme Judicial Council
  Publishes information on Bahraini courts, judgments and judicial services.
• Constitutional Court
  Publishes rulings on the constitutionality of laws and regulations.

Public audit

• National Audit Office
  Publishes annual audit reports on ministries, public bodies and state accounts.

Ombudsman

• Ombudsman (Ministry of Interior)
  Publishes annual reports and case statistics on complaints against police and security bodies.

Public contracts

• Tender Board
  Publishes government tenders, awarded contracts and procurement statistics for Bahraini public bodies.

Laws and the official gazette

• Legislation and Legal Opinion Commission
  Publishes Bahrain's legislation database and the Official Gazette.

Government below the national level

• Governorates (4: Capital, Muharraq, Northern, Southern): Governor appointed by royal decree
• Municipalities (3) plus the Capital Secretariat: Municipal councils of Muharraq, Northern and Southern are directly elected for four years; the 10-member Capital Secretariat council is appointed by the King; each municipality's director-general is appointed by decree

How local power works in Bahrain

Places in Bahrain

• Official statistics for Bahrain

Sources

• World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Voice and accountability (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 70f2804fd1e2…)
• World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Political stability and absence of violence (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 1317de0c85e1…)
• World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Government effectiveness (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a775e808dc65…)
• World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Regulatory quality (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 83b57e36ff8c…)
• World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Rule of law (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 0bccc3c054e8…)
• World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators: Control of corruption (governance score 0-100), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 3b15a5340cdd…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Seats held by women in national parliament (SG.GEN.PARL.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 1ae1dc13981a…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Women in ministerial positions (SG.GEN.MNST.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a4e448a5b8bd…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Central government spending (GC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 808094019f50…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Tax revenue (GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 08c94b750f31…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Military spending (MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 a7f6913a783b…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Armed forces personnel (MS.MIL.TOTL.P1), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 fa4663c743ba…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Statistical Performance Indicator (overall score) (IQ.SPI.OVRL), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 08ac7cde9129…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: Births registered (SP.REG.BRTH.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 f8d443034ba7…)
• World Bank: World Development Indicators: People using the internet (IT.NET.USER.ZS), read 23 October 2026 · saved copy (SHA-256 0d78dc658329…)

Each saved copy is the file exactly as downloaded, kept so the figures can be checked even if the source changes. Report an error.