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Votes · November 2024 · House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act 2026 · Amendment

House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Bill Committee: New Clause 1: how MPs voted on 12 November 2024

Division 39, 12 November 2024, 18:05. Noes 378, against 41; majority 337 (Commons Votes API).

Ayes
41
Noes
378
Result (Hansard)
Question accordingly negatived.

The question

New Clause 1

Exclusion of bishops

“(1) No-one shall be a member of the House of Lords by virtue of being a bishop or Archbishop of the Church of England.

(2) No bishop or Archbishop of the Church of England is entitled to receive, in that capacity, a writ of summons to attend, or sit and vote in, the House of Lords.

(3) Nothing in this section prevents a person who is, or has been, a bishop or Archbishop of the Church of England from receiving, and exercising the entitlements under, a peerage for life in accordance with section 1 of the Life Peerages Act 1958.

(4) Nothing in this section prevents a person who is, or has been, a bishop or Archbishop of the Church of England from being permitted to enter the House of Lords for the purpose only of leading prayers in accordance with arrangements made by that House.”—(Sir Gavin Williamson.)

This new clause provides that bishops of the Church of England will no longer be entitled to membership of the House of Lords.

Brought up, and read the First time.

Question put, That the clause be read a Second time.

As printed in Hansard before the division.

By party

Conservative MPs cast 15 of the 41 named Aye votes; Labour MPs 342 of the 374 named No votes.

PartyAye (named)No (named)
Labour0342
Conservative1518
Independent48
Scottish National Party90
Democratic Unionist Party04
Green Party40
Plaid Cymru40
Liberal Democrat20
Social Democratic & Labour Party20
Reform UK01
Traditional Unionist Voice10
Ulster Unionist Party01
Total41374

Tellers: Simon Hoare (Conservative, North Dorset) and Nick Timothy (Conservative, West Suffolk) (Ayes); Anna Turley (Labour, Redcar) and Anna McMorrin (Labour, Cardiff North) (Noes).

How each MP voted

415 named · CSV

MPPartyConstituencyVote
Jack AbbottLabourIpswichNo
Shockat AdamIndependentLeicester SouthAye
Dr Zubir AhmedLabourGlasgow South WestNo
Luke AkehurstLabourNorth DurhamNo
Sadik Al-HassanLabourNorth SomersetNo
Mr Bayo AlabaLabourSouthend East and RochfordNo
Dan AldridgeLabourWeston-super-MareNo
Heidi AlexanderLabourSwindon SouthNo
Mr Douglas AlexanderLabourLothian EastNo
Rushanara AliLabourBethnal Green and StepneyNo
Tahir AliLabourBirmingham Hall Green and MoseleyNo
Jim AllisterTraditional Unionist VoiceNorth AntrimAye
Callum AndersonLabourBuckingham and BletchleyNo
Fleur AndersonLabourPutneyNo
Tonia AntoniazziLabourGowerNo
Dr Scott ArthurLabourEdinburgh South WestNo
James AsserLabourWest Ham and BecktonNo
Jas AthwalLabourIlford SouthNo
Lewis AtkinsonLabourSunderland CentralNo
Mr Calvin BaileyLabourLeyton and WansteadNo
Olivia BaileyLabourReading West and Mid BerkshireNo
David BainesLabourSt Helens NorthNo
Alex BakerLabourAldershotNo
Richard BakerLabourGlenrothes and Mid FifeNo
Alex BallingerLabourHalesowenNo
Antonia BanceLabourTipton and WednesburyNo
Steve BarclayConservativeNorth East CambridgeshireAye
Paula BarkerLabourLiverpool WavertreeNo
Mr Alex Barros-CurtisLabourCardiff WestNo
Johanna BaxterLabourPaisley and Renfrewshire SouthNo
Danny BealesLabourUxbridge and South RuislipNo
Lorraine BeaversLabourBlackpool North and FleetwoodNo
Mr Peter BedfordConservativeMid LeicestershireAye
Apsana BegumIndependentPoplar and LimehouseNo
Torsten BellLabourSwansea WestNo
Siân BerryGreen PartyBrighton PavilionAye
Mr Clive BettsLabourSheffield South EastNo
Ms Polly BillingtonLabourEast ThanetNo
Bob BlackmanConservativeHarrow EastAye
Kirsty BlackmanScottish National PartyAberdeen NorthAye
Olivia BlakeLabourSheffield HallamNo
Rachel BlakeLabourCities of London and WestminsterNo
Chris BlooreLabourRedditchNo
Mrs Elsie BlundellLabourHeywood and Middleton NorthNo
Kevin BonaviaLabourStevenageNo
Jade BotterillLabourOssett and Denby DaleNo
Sureena BrackenridgeLabourWolverhampton North EastNo
Mr Jonathan BrashLabourHartlepoolNo
Phil BrickellLabourBolton WestNo
Julia BuckleyLabourShrewsburyNo
Richard BurgonIndependentLeeds EastNo
Maureen BurkeLabourGlasgow North EastNo
David Burton-SampsonLabourSouthend West and LeighNo
Dawn ButlerLabourBrent EastNo
Ian ByrneIndependentLiverpool West DerbyNo
Liam ByrneLabourBirmingham Hodge Hill and Solihull NorthNo
Ruth CadburyLabourBrentford and IsleworthNo
Nesil CaliskanLabourBarkingNo
Irene CampbellLabourNorth Ayrshire and ArranNo
Juliet CampbellLabourBroxtoweNo
Mr Gregory CampbellDemocratic Unionist PartyEast LondonderryNo
Sir Alan CampbellLabourTynemouthNo
Markus Campbell-SavoursLabourPenrith and SolwayNo
Sam CarlingLabourNorth West CambridgeshireNo
Al CarnsLabourBirmingham Selly OakNo
Sarah ChampionLabourRotherhamNo
Bambos CharalambousLabourSouthgate and Wood GreenNo
Mr Luke ChartersLabourYork OuterNo
Sir Christopher ChopeConservativeChristchurchNo
Dr Ellie ChownsGreen PartyNorth HerefordshireAye
Feryal ClarkLabourEnfield NorthNo
Sir James CleverlyConservativeBraintreeNo
Lewis CockingConservativeBroxbourneAye
Ben ColemanLabourChelsea and FulhamNo
Jacob CollierLabourBurton and UttoxeterNo
Tom CollinsLabourWorcesterNo
Liam ConlonLabourBeckenham and PengeNo
Sarah CoombesLabourWest BromwichNo
Andrew CooperLabourMid CheshireNo
Dr Beccy CooperLabourWorthing WestNo
John CooperConservativeDumfries and GallowayAye
Jeremy CorbynIndependentIslington NorthAye
Deirdre CostiganLabourEaling SouthallNo
Pam CoxLabourColchesterNo
Neil CoyleLabourBermondsey and Old SouthwarkNo
Jen CraftLabourThurrockNo
Torcuil CrichtonLabourNa h-Eileanan an IarNo
Harriet CrossConservativeGordon and BuchanAye
Chris CurtisLabourMilton Keynes NorthNo
Janet DabyLabourLewisham EastNo
Sir Nicholas DakinLabourScunthorpeNo
Emily DarlingtonLabourMilton Keynes CentralNo
Ann DaviesPlaid CymruCaerfyrddinAye
Paul DaviesLabourColne ValleyNo
Shaun DaviesLabourTelfordNo
Alex Davies-JonesLabourPontypriddNo
David DavisConservativeGoole and PocklingtonAye
Marsha De CordovaLabourBatterseaNo
Josh DeanLabourHertford and StortfordNo
Kate DeardenLabourHalifaxNo
Carla DenyerGreen PartyBristol CentralAye
Mr Tanmanjeet Singh DhesiLabourSloughNo
Jim DicksonLabourDartfordNo
Anna DixonLabourShipleyNo
Anneliese DoddsLabourOxford EastNo
Helena DollimoreLabourHastings and RyeNo
Dave DooganScottish National PartyAngus and Perthshire GlensAye
Stephen DoughtyLabourCardiff South and PenarthNo
Graeme DownieLabourDunfermline and DollarNo
Rosie DuffieldIndependentCanterburyNo
Neil Duncan-JordanLabourPooleNo
Dame Angela EagleLabourWallaseyNo
Maria EagleLabourLiverpool GarstonNo
Alex EastonIndependentNorth DownNo
Colum EastwoodSocial Democratic & Labour PartyFoyleAye
Cat EcclesLabourStourbridgeNo
Lauren EdwardsLabourRochester and StroodNo
Sarah EdwardsLabourTamworthNo
Clive EffordLabourEltham and ChislehurstNo
Damien EganLabourBristol North EastNo
Maya EllisLabourRibble ValleyNo
Chris ElmoreLabourBridgendNo
Kirith EntwistleLabourBolton North EastNo
Florence EshalomiLabourVauxhall and Camberwell GreenNo
Bill EstersonLabourSefton CentralNo
Chris EvansLabourCaerphillyNo
Miatta FahnbullehLabourPeckhamNo
Nigel FarageReform UKClactonNo
Linsey FarnsworthLabourAmber ValleyNo
Josh Fenton-GlynnLabourCalder ValleyNo
Mark FergusonLabourGateshead Central and WhickhamNo
Patricia FergusonLabourGlasgow WestNo
Natalie FleetLabourBolsoverNo
Stephen FlynnScottish National PartyAberdeen SouthAye
Emma FoodyLabourCramlington and KillingworthNo
Catherine FookesLabourMonmouthshireNo
Mr Paul FosterLabourSouth RibbleNo
Sir Ashley FoxConservativeBridgwaterAye
Vicky FoxcroftLabourLewisham NorthNo
Daniel FrancisLabourBexleyheath and CrayfordNo
George FreemanConservativeMid NorfolkNo
Mr James FrithLabourBury NorthNo
Gill FurnissLabourSheffield Brightside and HillsboroughNo
Sir Roger GaleConservativeHerne Bay and SandwichNo
Dr Allison GardnerLabourStoke-on-Trent SouthNo
Anna GelderdLabourSouth East CornwallNo
Alan GemmellLabourCentral AyrshireNo
Gill GermanLabourClwyd NorthNo
Stephen GethinsScottish National PartyArbroath and Broughty FerryAye
Tracy GilbertLabourEdinburgh North and LeithNo
Preet Kaur GillLabourBirmingham EdgbastonNo
Becky GittinsLabourClwyd EastNo
Mary GlindonLabourNewcastle upon Tyne East and WallsendNo
Ben GoldsboroughLabourSouth NorfolkNo
Tom GordonLiberal DemocratHarrogate and KnaresboroughAye
Jodie GoslingLabourNuneatonNo
Georgia GouldLabourQueen's Park and Maida ValeNo
John GradyLabourGlasgow EastNo
Lilian GreenwoodLabourNottingham SouthNo
Dame Nia GriffithLabourLlanelliNo
Alison GriffithsConservativeBognor Regis and LittlehamptonNo
Amanda HackLabourNorth West LeicestershireNo
Louise HaighLabourSheffield HeeleyNo
Sarah HallLabourWarrington SouthNo
Fabian HamiltonLabourLeeds North EastNo
Paulette HamiltonLabourBirmingham ErdingtonNo
Claire HannaSocial Democratic & Labour PartyBelfast South and Mid DownAye
Emma HardyLabourKingston upon Hull West and HaltempriceNo
Carolyn HarrisLabourNeath and Swansea EastNo
Lloyd HattonLabourSouth DorsetNo
Helen HayesLabourDulwich and West NorwoodNo
Sir John HayesConservativeSouth Holland and The DeepingsNo
Tom HayesLabourBournemouth EastNo
Claire HazelgroveLabourFilton and Bradley StokeNo
Dame Meg HillierLabourHackney South and ShoreditchNo
Chris HinchliffLabourNorth East HertfordshireNo
Jonathan HinderLabourPendle and ClitheroeNo
Mrs Sharon HodgsonLabourWashington and Gateshead SouthNo
Rachel HopkinsLabourLuton South and South BedfordshireNo
Claire HughesLabourBangor AberconwyNo
Alison HumeLabourScarborough and WhitbyNo
Sir Jeremy HuntConservativeGodalming and AshNo
Dr Rupa HuqLabourEaling Central and ActonNo
Patrick HurleyLabourSouthportNo
Imran HussainIndependentBradford EastNo
Leigh InghamLabourStaffordNo
Natasha IronsLabourCroydon EastNo
Sally JamesonLabourDoncaster CentralNo
Dan JarvisLabourBarnsley NorthNo
Sir Bernard JenkinConservativeHarwich and North EssexNo
Terry JermyLabourSouth West NorfolkNo
Adam JogeeLabourNewcastle-under-LymeNo
Dame Diana JohnsonLabourKingston upon Hull North and CottinghamNo
Kim JohnsonLabourLiverpool RiversideNo
Darren JonesLabourBristol North WestNo
Gerald JonesLabourMerthyr Tydfil and AberdareNo
Louise Sandher-JonesLabourNorth East DerbyshireNo
Ruth JonesLabourNewport West and IslwynNo
Gurinder Singh JosanLabourSmethwickNo
Sojan JosephLabourAshfordNo
Warinder JussLabourWolverhampton WestNo
Chris KaneLabourStirling and StrathallanNo
Satvir KaurLabourSouthampton TestNo
Liz KendallLabourLeicester WestNo
Ayoub KhanIndependentBirmingham Perry BarrAye
Naushabah KhanLabourGillingham and RainhamNo
Stephen KinnockLabourAberafan MaestegNo
Jayne KirkhamLabourTruro and FalmouthNo
Gen KitchenLabourWellingborough and RushdenNo
Sonia KumarLabourDudleyNo
Uma KumaranLabourStratford and BowNo
Peter KyleLabourHove and PortsladeNo
Laura Kyrke-SmithLabourAylesburyNo
Ben LakePlaid CymruCeredigion PreseliAye
Peter LambLabourCrawleyNo
John LamontConservativeBerwickshire, Roxburgh and SelkirkAye
Chris LawScottish National PartyDundee CentralAye
Noah LawLabourSt Austell and NewquayNo
Kim LeadbeaterLabourSpen ValleyNo
Graham LeadbitterScottish National PartyMoray West, Nairn and StrathspeyAye
Sir Edward LeighConservativeGainsboroughNo
Brian LeishmanLabourAlloa and GrangemouthNo
Emma LewellLabourSouth ShieldsNo
Andrew LewinLabourWelwyn HatfieldNo
Clive LewisLabourNorwich SouthNo
Simon LightwoodLabourWakefield and RothwellNo
Carla LockhartDemocratic Unionist PartyUpper BannNo
Seamus LoganScottish National PartyAberdeenshire North and Moray EastAye
Rebecca Long BaileyIndependentSalfordNo
Josh MacAlisterLabourWhitehaven and WorkingtonNo
Alice MacdonaldLabourNorwich NorthNo
Andy MacNaeLabourRossendale and DarwenNo
Justin MaddersLabourEllesmere Port and BromboroughNo
Shabana MahmoodLabourBirmingham LadywoodNo
Seema MalhotraLabourFeltham and HestonNo
Amanda MartinLabourPortsmouth NorthNo
Rachael MaskellLabourYork CentralNo
Keir MatherLabourSelbyNo
Alex MayerLabourDunstable and Leighton BuzzardNo
Douglas McAllisterLabourWest DunbartonshireNo
Kerry McCarthyLabourBristol EastNo
Martin McCluskeyLabourInverclyde and Renfrewshire WestNo
Dame Siobhain McDonaghLabourMitcham and MordenNo
Andy McDonaldLabourMiddlesbrough and Thornaby EastNo
Chris McDonaldLabourStockton NorthNo
John McDonnellIndependentHayes and HarlingtonNo
Blair McDougallLabourEast RenfrewshireNo
Lola McEvoyLabourDarlingtonNo
Pat McFaddenLabourWolverhampton South EastNo
Alison McGovernLabourBirkenheadNo
Alex McIntyreLabourGloucesterNo
Gordon McKeeLabourGlasgow SouthNo
Kevin McKennaLabourSittingbourne and SheppeyNo
Catherine McKinnellLabourNewcastle upon Tyne NorthNo
Jim McMahonLabourOldham West, Chadderton and RoytonNo
Frank McNallyLabourCoatbridge and BellshillNo
Kirsty McNeillLabourMidlothianNo
Llinos MediPlaid CymruYnys MônAye
Anneliese MidgleyLabourKnowsleyNo
Ms Julie MinnsLabourCarlisleNo
Navendu MishraLabourStockportNo
Abtisam MohamedLabourSheffield CentralNo
Iqbal MohamedIndependentDewsbury and BatleyAye
Perran MoonLabourCamborne and RedruthNo
Jessica MordenLabourNewport EastNo
Stephen MorganLabourPortsmouth SouthNo
Grahame MorrisLabourEasingtonNo
Joe MorrisLabourHexhamNo
Margaret MullaneLabourDagenham and RainhamNo
Luke MurphyLabourBasingstokeNo
Chris MurrayLabourEdinburgh East and MusselburghNo
James MurrayLabourEaling NorthNo
Katrina MurrayLabourCumbernauld and KirkintillochNo
Dr Andrew MurrisonConservativeSouth West WiltshireAye
Luke MyerLabourMiddlesbrough South and East ClevelandNo
James NaishLabourRushcliffeNo
Connor NaismithLabourCrewe and NantwichNo
Kanishka NarayanLabourVale of GlamorganNo
Pamela NashLabourMotherwell, Wishaw and CarlukeNo
Josh NewburyLabourCannock ChaseNo
Samantha NiblettLabourSouth DerbyshireNo
Charlotte NicholsLabourWarrington NorthNo
Alex NorrisLabourNottingham North and KimberleyNo
Brendan O'HaraScottish National PartyArgyll, Bute and South LochaberAye
Ben Obese-JectyConservativeHuntingdonAye
Melanie OnnLabourGreat Grimsby and CleethorpesNo
Dame Chi OnwurahLabourNewcastle upon Tyne Central and WestNo
Kate OsamorLabourEdmonton and Winchmore HillNo
Kate OsborneLabourJarrow and Gateshead EastNo
Tristan OsborneLabourChatham and AylesfordNo
Sarah OwenLabourLuton NorthNo
Darren PaffeyLabourSouthampton ItchenNo
Andrew PakesLabourPeterboroughNo
Matthew PatrickLabourWirral WestNo
Rebecca PaulConservativeReigateAye
Michael PayneLabourGedlingNo
Stephanie PeacockLabourBarnsley SouthNo
Jon PearceLabourHigh PeakNo
Matthew PennycookLabourGreenwich and WoolwichNo
Mr Toby PerkinsLabourChesterfieldNo
Jess PhillipsLabourBirmingham YardleyNo
Bridget PhillipsonLabourHoughton and Sunderland SouthNo
David Pinto-DuschinskyLabourHendonNo
Lee PitcherLabourDoncaster East and the Isle of AxholmeNo
Jo PlattLabourLeigh and AthertonNo
Joe PowellLabourKensington and BayswaterNo
Gregor PoyntonLabourLivingstonNo
Dr Peter PrinsleyLabourBury St Edmunds and StowmarketNo
Mark PritchardConservativeThe WrekinNo
Richard QuigleyLabourIsle of Wight WestNo
Steve RaceLabourExeterNo
Adrian RamsayGreen PartyWaveney ValleyAye
Mr Connor RandLabourAltrincham and Sale WestNo
Andrew RangerLabourWrexhamNo
Jack RankinConservativeWindsorNo
Angela RaynerLabourAshton-under-LyneNo
Mike ReaderLabourNorthampton SouthNo
David ReedConservativeExmouth and Exeter EastNo
Steve ReedLabourStreatham and Croydon NorthNo
Ellie ReevesLabourLewisham West and East DulwichNo
Joani ReidLabourEast Kilbride and StrathavenNo
Emma ReynoldsLabourWycombeNo
Jonathan ReynoldsLabourStalybridge and HydeNo
Martin RhodesLabourGlasgow NorthNo
Bell Ribeiro-AddyLabourClapham and Brixton HillNo
Jake RichardsLabourRother ValleyNo
Jenny Riddell-CarpenterLabourSuffolk CoastalNo
Lucy RigbyLabourNorthampton NorthNo
Dave RobertsonLabourLichfieldNo
Gavin RobinsonDemocratic Unionist PartyBelfast EastNo
Tim RocaLabourMacclesfieldNo
Matt RoddaLabourReading CentralNo
Andrew RosindellConservativeRomfordNo
Dr Sam RushworthLabourBishop AucklandNo
Sarah RussellLabourCongletonNo
Tom RutlandLabourEast Worthing and ShorehamNo
Oliver RyanLabourBurnleyNo
Sarah SackmanLabourFinchley and Golders GreenNo
Dr Jeevun SandherLabourLoughboroughNo
Liz Saville RobertsPlaid CymruDwyfor MeirionnyddAye
Michelle ScroghamLabourBarrow and FurnessNo
Mark SewardsLabourLeeds South West and MorleyNo
Jim ShannonDemocratic Unionist PartyStrangfordNo
Josh SimonsLabourMakerfieldNo
Andy SlaughterLabourHammersmith and ChiswickNo
John SlingerLabourRugbyNo
Cat SmithLabourLancaster and WyreNo
David SmithLabourNorth NorthumberlandNo
Jeff SmithLabourManchester WithingtonNo
Nick SmithLabourBlaenau Gwent and RhymneyNo
Rebecca SmithConservativeSouth West DevonNo
Karin SmythLabourBristol SouthNo
Gareth SnellLabourStoke-on-Trent CentralNo
Mr Andrew SnowdenConservativeFyldeAye
Alex SobelLabourLeeds Central and HeadingleyNo
Gregory StaffordConservativeFarnham and BordonNo
Euan StainbankLabourFalkirkNo
Blake StephensonConservativeMid BedfordshireAye
Jo StevensLabourCardiff EastNo
Kenneth StevensonLabourAirdrie and ShottsNo
Will StoneLabourSwindon NorthNo
Alistair StrathernLabourHitchinNo
Alan StricklandLabourNewton Aycliffe and SpennymoorNo
Dr Lauren SullivanLabourGraveshamNo
Peter SwallowLabourBracknellNo
Robin SwannUlster Unionist PartySouth AntrimNo
Sir Desmond SwayneConservativeNew Forest WestNo
Sir Mark TamiLabourAlyn and DeesideNo
Mike TappLabourDover and DealNo
Alison TaylorLabourPaisley and Renfrewshire NorthNo
David TaylorLabourHemel HempsteadNo
Rachel TaylorLabourNorth Warwickshire and BedworthNo
Fred ThomasLabourPlymouth Moor ViewNo
Nick Thomas-SymondsLabourTorfaenNo
Adam ThompsonLabourErewashNo
Dr Marie TidballLabourPenistone and StocksbridgeNo
Sir Stephen TimmsLabourEast HamNo
Jessica ToaleLabourBournemouth WestNo
Dan TomlinsonLabourChipping BarnetNo
Jon TrickettLabourNormanton and HemsworthNo
Henry TufnellLabourMid and South PembrokeshireNo
Tom TugendhatConservativeTonbridgeNo
Matt TurmaineLabourWatfordNo
Karl TurnerLabourKingston upon Hull EastNo
Laurence TurnerLabourBirmingham NorthfieldNo
Derek TwiggLabourWidnes and HalewoodNo
Liz TwistLabourBlaydon and ConsettNo
Harpreet UppalLabourHuddersfieldNo
Freddie van MierloLiberal DemocratHenley and ThameAye
Tony VaughanLabourFolkestone and HytheNo
Martin VickersConservativeBrigg and ImminghamNo
Chris VinceLabourHarlowNo
Christian WakefordLabourBury SouthNo
Imogen WalkerLabourHamilton and Clyde ValleyNo
Chris WardLabourBrighton Kemptown and PeacehavenNo
Melanie WardLabourCowdenbeath and KirkcaldyNo
Paul WaughLabourRochdaleNo
Chris WebbLabourBlackpool SouthNo
Michelle WelshLabourSherwood ForestNo
Andrew WesternLabourStretford and UrmstonNo
Matt WesternLabourWarwick and LeamingtonNo
Michael WheelerLabourWorsley and EcclesNo
John WhitbyLabourDerbyshire DalesNo
Jo WhiteLabourBassetlawNo
Katie WhiteLabourLeeds North WestNo
David WilliamsLabourStoke-on-Trent NorthNo
Sir Gavin WilliamsonConservativeStone, Great Wyrley and PenkridgeAye
Pete WishartScottish National PartyPerth and Kinross-shireAye
Steve WitherdenLabourMontgomeryshire and GlyndŵrNo
Sean WoodcockLabourBanburyNo
Rosie WrightingLabourKetteringNo
Yuan YangLabourEarley and WoodleyNo
Mohammad YasinLabourBedfordNo
Steve YemmLabourMansfieldNo
Daniel ZeichnerLabourCambridgeNo

Sources

SHA-256 of each copy read. Open Parliament Licence v3.0

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